殺菌劑對蘋果樹腐爛病的田間防效

郭云云 劉小艷 陳杰新 郗滿義 朱玉新 溫晶

摘要：為篩選蘋果樹腐爛病高效防治殺菌劑，采用病疤刮治、藥劑刷干以及不同藥劑交替刷干的方法，研究了6種殺菌劑對蘋果樹腐爛病的田間防治效果。結(jié)果顯示，100萬孢子/g寡雄腐霉菌可濕性粉劑500倍液的刮治效果最好，防效達89.58%，且促進病疤愈傷組織形成能力較強，愈合度達24.28%，顯著優(yōu)于其他殺菌劑。100萬孢子/g寡雄腐霉菌可濕性粉劑500倍液與430 g/L戊唑醇懸浮劑300倍液交替刷干的效果明顯優(yōu)于單一藥劑刷干，防治效果達93.06%，新生病疤減少率95.83%。寡雄腐霉菌與戊唑醇交替刷干可以顯著降低新生病疤的發(fā)生數(shù)量，從而起到對蘋果樹腐爛病的預防作用，再結(jié)合病疤刮治措施，可有效促進腐爛病病疤愈合。

關鍵詞：蘋果樹腐爛病；殺菌劑；防治效果

中圖分類號：S436.611.1 ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻標志碼：A ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文章編號：2097-2172（2023）01-0164-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.2097-2172.2023.01.014

Field Efficiency Evaluation of Several Fungicides against Apple

Tree Valsa Canker

GUO Yunyun， LIU Xiaoyan， CHEN Jiexin， XI Manyi， ZHU Yuxin， WEN Jing

（Pingliang Plant Protection Centre， Pingliang Gansu 744000， China）

Abstract： This study aims to screen out fungicides with better control efficiency for the prevention and control of apple canker. The control efficiency of six chemical fungicides against apple Valsa canker was tested by scraping scars， smearing trunk and alternate smearing trunk with different fungicides. Results indicated that one million spores/g Pythium oligandrum wettable powder diluted 500 times had good control effect when applied by scraping scars which showed an average percentage of the control efficiency of 89.58%， it could effectively promote the healing of disease scar with a healing percentage of 24.28%， which was significantly superior compared with those in other fungicides. Alternate smearing using the combine of one million spores/g Pythium oligandrum wettable powder diluted 500 times plus 430 g/L tebuconazole diluted 300 times showed significantly good control effect compared with those funcides applied separately by scraping scars which showed an average percentage of the control efficiency of 93.06% and a reduction rate in new occurring lesions by 95.83%. In conclusion， alternate smearing using the combine of Pythium oligandrum wettable powder plus tebuconazole could significantly reduce the number of new occurring lesions， thus prevent apple tree Valsa canker effectively， yet combined with scraping scars， this could significantly improve the formation of callus tissue.

Key words： Apple Tree Valsa canker; Fungicide; Control effect

蘋果樹腐爛病（Apple valsa canker）是由蘋果黑腐皮殼屬真菌引起的蘋果樹病害［1 - 2 ］，是一種難以根除的病害，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，我國北方3個蘋果主產(chǎn)區(qū)的1年生無癥狀枝條普遍帶菌［3 ］，隨著樹齡的增加和樹勢的減弱新病疤的不斷形成并導致該病害連年發(fā)生。目前主要采用刮除病疤和殺菌劑涂抹法進行防治［4 - 5 ］，但病疤刮除不徹底容易復發(fā)，而且病疤越刮越大，甚至導致樹體死亡。王凱等［6 ］、焦浩等［7 ］、楊 濤等［8 ］研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，用戊唑醇、吡唑醚菌酯等殺菌劑在夏季幼果期對蘋果樹主干大枝涂刷，可以有效控制新病斑產(chǎn)生，但所用的藥劑大多為化學制劑，長期使用易造成環(huán)境污染、農(nóng)藥殘留，產(chǎn)生抗藥性。……