隴南山區農戶耕地撂荒現象剖析及盤活對策研究

趙小明 許艷 劉盼 張得蓮 李寧

摘要：耕地是保障人類社會穩定發展最根本的生產資料和資源。近年來，耕地撂荒與流失備受關注。合理高效的利用農村土地以及對農村土地非糧化的整治，減少耕地撂荒，提高耕地利用效率，是保障國家糧食安全的重要舉措。以隴南市武都區蒲地鄉為例，運用綜述法、相關性分析法、實地調研訪談法等，針對當地165戶農業種植戶的耕地撂荒情況，結合其家庭及耕地的基本狀況，對農戶撂荒耕地現象進行了剖析，發現現階段耕地撂荒較為嚴重，撂荒原因有所變化并出現一些政策性撂荒現象。對造成耕地撂荒的各因素進行了分析，提出了撂荒耕地的盤活對策：改善種植條件，提高農業生產效率；完善基礎設施建設，加大政策扶持，鼓勵人才返鄉；提升農產品品質，打造特色農業；發展鄉村振興，開拓農村市場；建立健全農業保險機制，降低種植風險。

關鍵詞：耕地撂荒；農戶；剖析；盤活對策；隴南山區

中圖分類號：F323.211 ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻標志碼：A ? ? ? ? ? ?文章編號：2097-2172（2023）02-0108-06

doi：10.3969/j.issn.2097-2172.2023.02.003

Study on the Analysis of Abandonments of Farmlands in the Mountainous Area of Longnan and the Countermeasures for Invigorating

ZHAO Xiaoming， XU Yan， LIU Pan， ZHANG Delian， LI Ning

（College of Management， Gansu Agricultural University， Lanzhou Gansu 730070， China）

Abstract： Farmland is the most fundamental means of production and resources to ensure the stable development of human society. In recent years， the abandonment and loss of farmlands have attracted much attention. It is an important measure to ensure national food security to make reasonable and efficient use of rural land， contribute the improvement of non-grain agricultural land， reduce the abandonment of arable land， and improve the utilization efficiency of farmland. Taking Pudi Township， Wudu District， Longnan as an example， this paper analyzed the abandonment of farmlands of 165 local farmers by using the method of review， correlation analysis and field survey and interview， combined with the basic conditions of their families and farmlands， it was found out that the abandonment of farmlands is serious at present， the causes of abandonment have changed， and some policy abandonment phenomena have occurred. The factors causing the abandonment of farmlands were analyzed， and the invigorating countermeasures were put forward i.e.， improving planting conditions and improving agricultural production efficiency， improving infrastructure construction and policy support， encouraging human resources to return home， improving the quality of agricultural products to create characteristic agriculture， developing rural revitalization and developing rural markets， and establishing a sound agricultural insurance mechanism to reduce planting risks.

Key words： ?Abandoned farmland; Farmer; Analysis; Invigorating countermeasure; Longnan mountain area

土地是人類生產生活的基本資源，更是保障人類社會穩定發展的最根本的生產資料和資源［1 ］。近年來，耕地撂荒與流失備受關注。隨著人口日益增加和市場經濟的飛速發展，人們對生活質量和生活環境的要求日益上升，而生活在農村的人們無論是在生活質量、生活水平還是社會基礎保障上，與城市居民相比都有較大的落差，單純的種植作業已經不能滿足農民對高質量生活的追求［2 - 4 ］，尤其是偏遠山區，僅靠單純的種植作業甚至連基本生活都無法保證。……