王瑩 賈秀蘋 席曉飛 陳輔志 楊國華 張正潔



摘要:為了研究不同播期對食用向日葵的影響,為酒泉及同類地區食用向日葵栽培技術的制定提供科學依據,以食用向日葵新品種酒葵130為指示品種,采用隨機區組設計,研究了7個播種期對生育期、出苗率、單株產量、單盤粒數、百粒重、產量等的影響。結果表明,4月21日播種的食用向日葵產量最高,折合4 266.9 kg/hm2。其次是4月14日播種處理,折合產量4 187.5 kg/hm2; 4月28日播種處理的折合產量為4 062.5 kg/hm2。綜合分析,在酒泉市及同類地區食用向日葵最佳播種時間為4月14 — 28日,這一時間段播種的食用向日葵生育期適中、出苗率均在94%以上,單株產量、單盤粒數、百粒重等性狀均優于其他播期,播種時間太早或者太晚均對食用向日葵的出苗和產量有直接影響。
關鍵詞:食用向日葵;產量;播期;主要性狀
中圖分類號:S565.5 ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻標志碼:A ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文章編號:2097-2172(2023)02-0160-04
doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2172.2023.02.013
Effects of Different Sowing Dates on Yield and Agronomic
Characters of Edible Sunflower
WANG Ying 1, JIA Xiuping 2, XI Xiaofei 1, CHEN Fuzhi 1, YANG Guohua 1, ZHANG Zhengjie 1
(1. Jiuquan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiuquan Gansu 735000, China; 2. Crop Research Institute,
Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China)
Abstract: In order to study the effects of different sowing dates on edible sunflower production and to provide scientific references for edible sunflower cultivation technology in Jiuquan and other areas with similar conditions, Jiukui 130 was taken as the material and randomized block design was applied to study effects of 7 different sowing dates on growth period, emergence rate, yield per plant, number of seeds per plate, hundred-seed weight and yield. Results showed that peak yield i.e., 4 266.9 kg/ha, was detected when planted on April 21st, followed by treatment of April 14th (4 187.5 kg/ha) and April 28th (4 062.5 kg/ha). Comprehensively speaking, the optimum sowing date in Jiuquan and other areas with similar conditions was betweem April 14th to April 28th, during which the growth period of edible sunflower was ideal, and the emergency rate was above 94%, whereas other indexes such as yield per plant, number of seeds per plate, hundred-seed weight were all superior compared with thoses in other sowing dates. Earlier or later than the optimum sowing dates proposed above would have directly negative effects on emergence rate and yield of sunflowers in study area.
Key words: Edibel sunflower; Yield; Sowing date; Main character
向日葵(Helianthus annuus L.)是菊科向日葵屬的一年生草本植物,耐干旱、適應性強,原產于北美洲,在世界范圍內種植面積較大。中國的食用向日葵種植面積主要分布在內蒙古、新疆、黑龍江、吉林、遼寧、甘肅、陜西等北方地區[1 - 2 ]。向日葵產量的主要構成因素是保苗數、百粒重、單盤粒數、單株產量,影響這些因素的主要是栽培措施。充分利用光熱資源,可以提高食用向日葵的產量,達到高產穩產[3 ]。播種期是栽培技術的關鍵因素,適宜的播種期可充分利用調節光、熱資源,改善作物的群體結構,適時播種還可最大限度地防御病蟲危害、增強抗逆性,對作物的生長性狀及產量有較大影響。……