祝宇航 周晚來 張冬冬 林偉 楊睿 王虹 戚智勇

摘 要: 我國竹子種類豐富、產(chǎn)量大,但綜合利用率較低,每年均會產(chǎn)生大量竹子廢棄物。利用竹子廢棄物開發(fā)園藝基質(zhì),既可緩解竹子廢棄物帶來的生態(tài)環(huán)境壓力,又可為我國現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供保障。本研究從竹子廢棄物基質(zhì)化利用角度,綜述了竹子廢棄物(包括竹炭基質(zhì)、竹屑基質(zhì)、竹纖維基質(zhì)以及竹醋液基質(zhì)改良劑)基質(zhì)化利用工藝手段及其性能,并闡明了竹子廢棄物基質(zhì)化利用存在的問題以及相關(guān)建議,以期為其綠色、低碳、環(huán)保化再利用提供借鑒,促進我國園藝基質(zhì)栽培產(chǎn)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
關(guān)鍵詞: 基質(zhì);竹炭;竹屑;竹纖維;竹醋液
中圖分類號:X71 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1004-3020(2023)02-0056-06
Research Progress on Substrate Utilization of Bamboo Waste
Zhu Yuhang(1) Zhou Wanlai(2) Zhang Dongdong(2)
Lin Wei(2) Yang Rui(2) Wang Hong(2) Qi Zhiyong(2)
(1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University Chengdu 610100;
2.Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Chengdu 610213)
Abstract: There are abundant varieties of bamboo in China, but the comprehensive utilization of bamboo in the industry is low. And a large amount of bamboo waste is produced every year. Develop horticultural substrate by utilization of bamboo waste can alleviate the pressure of ecological environment and guarantee the sustainable development of modern agriculture. From the perspective of substrate utilization of bamboo, Technology and properties of substrate utilization including bamboo biochar substrate, bamboo chip substrate, bamboo fiber substrate and bamboo vinegar substrate conditioner was described this paper. In addition, this paper also illustrates existing problems and suggestions of substrate utilization of bamboo waste in order to provide reference for its green, low carbon, environmental protection recycle, and promote the sustainable development of Chinese horticultural substrate cultivation industry.
Key words: substrate; bamboo charcoal; bamboo chips; bamboo fiber; bamboo vinegar
我國竹子蓄積量長期居于世界第一,竹子種類繁多,竹林面積達7.02萬m2,年產(chǎn)出竹子41.0億根[1]。在竹材研究、培育和產(chǎn)品開發(fā)方面均走在世界前列,被譽為“世界竹業(yè)大國”[2]。我國竹子加工產(chǎn)品種類近萬種,在傳統(tǒng)竹子加工中,竹材加工廢棄率達到60%以上,例如在竹材膠合板的生產(chǎn)中, 竹材利用率僅為20%~40%。以四川省主要竹產(chǎn)區(qū)宜賓市為例[3],2017年宜賓市竹片加工廠共計132家,合計產(chǎn)能達90萬t,日消耗竹材約2 500 t,日產(chǎn)生竹子廢棄物1 500 t左右。目前我國年均加工消耗竹材約2.5億t,以此估算,全國年產(chǎn)生竹子廢棄物超過了1.3億t。
近年來,我國基質(zhì)栽培產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展迅速,園藝基質(zhì)年需求量超過了8 600萬m3。目前絕大多數(shù)基質(zhì)栽培采用泥炭,而泥炭是一種不可再生資源,且受制于資源、技術(shù)等,國內(nèi)供應量僅為1 000萬m3左右,主要依賴進口[4]。……