基于V形溝槽的機翼蒙皮減阻特性仿真分析

摘要： 為減少飛機飛行阻力、提高氣動效率，基于微溝槽減阻理論，對機翼蒙皮進行微溝槽設計和減阻特性分析。應用計算流體力學（Computational Fluid Dynamics，CFD）方法，對不可壓縮流下的縱、橫向微溝槽進行模擬。選取k-ω SST湍流模型，通過分析V形溝槽邊界層區域的流動特征，探究不同尺寸V形溝槽的減阻特性與減阻機理，對橫向V形溝槽的數量與位置進行優化設計。仿真結果表明，隨著溝槽尺寸和迎角減小，減阻率增大，縱向溝槽最大減阻率可達9.31%，橫向溝槽減阻率最大可達7.35%，優化后的溝槽減阻率提高了1.39%。

關鍵詞： V形溝槽；機翼蒙皮；k-ωSST模型；減阻機理；仿真分析

中圖分類號： V262" " " " 文獻標志碼： A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.2095-1248.2023.02.010

Simulation analysis of drag reduction characteristics for wing skin based on V-shaped groove

WANG Wei， HUANG Ru， ZHOU Ai， FENG He

（College of Civil Aviation， Shenyang Aerospace University， Shenyang 110136，China）

Abstract： In order to reduce the aircraft flight resistance and improve its aerodynamic efficiency， based on the micro-groove drag reduction theory， the micro-groove design and drag reduction characteristics analysis of the wing skin were conducted. The incompressible flows of longitudinal and transverse micro-groove were simulated using computational fluid dynamics （CFD） methods. The k-ω SST model was selected，and the drag reduction characteristics and mechanism on different sizes of V-shaped groove were investigated. By investigating the flow characteristics in the boundary layer， the number and position of transverse V-shaped groove were optimized. The results show that the drag reduction rate is increased with the decrease of groove size and angle of attack. The maximum drag reduction rate of longitudinal and transverse grooves are 9.31% and 7.35% respectively，and this rate of the optimized transverse groove is increased by 1.39%.

Key words： V-shaped groove；wing skin；k-ω SST model；drag reduction mechanism；simulation analysis

飛行阻力是影響民航客機燃油經濟性的重要因素，增升減阻、改善飛行性能、提高燃油效率一直是民航客機設計的主要目標［1-2］。為減少飛行時的摩擦阻力，國內外學者與研究機構基于仿生學原理，研究仿生微結構在飛行器減阻作用中的應用。

目前，仿生微結構減阻的相關研究主要集中在微溝槽結構。美國NASA研究中心的Walsh［3］對三角形截面微溝槽減阻效果進行分析，最高減阻率可達8%。Bacher等［4］采用流動顯示與熱膜流速器對溝槽模型進行減阻研究，分析流體流線，得出溝槽結構的減阻機理。Bixier等［5］對封閉管道內的微溝槽進行減阻實驗，得出來流速度、流體黏性以及微溝槽形狀對減阻率的影響規律。Martin等［6］與Domel等［7］基于仿生學原理設計微溝槽，得到具有最佳減阻效果的溝槽形狀、尺寸設計參數。周健等［8］對微溝槽減阻特性進行模擬分析，通過與實驗結果對比，驗證了模擬分析方法的正確性，解決了模擬分析方法在工程實踐中的應用問題。……