芳香萬(wàn)壽菊葉片自然釋放的揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物構(gòu)成

劉暢 郭阿君

(北華大學(xué)，吉林省·吉林市，132013)

Volatile components from Tagetes lemmonii in the fresh leaf and dried leaves were determined by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In spring, summer and fall, a total of 57 compounds were identified from 10 classes of VOCs, and Ketones, terpenoids and alcohols were the major constituents. The results showed that: relative amount from high to low was ketones, terpenoids and alcohols. There are 11 identical substances from fresh leaf VOCs in spring, summer and fall. The main substances were (Z)-Tagetenone, 5,7-Octadien-4-one, 2,6-dimethyl-, (Z)-, 7-Octen-4-one, 2,6-dimethyl-from ketones. D-Limonene, trans-.beta.-Ocimene and sabinenewere the main substances from terpenoids. The main compound are Eucalyptol and Linalool from alcohols. A total of 53 compounds were identified from 12 classes of VOCs from dried leaves stored for 1 and 3 months. The results shown that D-Limonene, 5,7-Octadien-4-one, 2,6-dimethyl-,(Z)-, 7-Octen-4-one, 2,6-dimethyl-were the main substances.There are 7 identical substances in VOCs from dried leaves stored for 1 month and 3 months. After 3 months, 34 substances were added to the volatiles from dried leaves stored for 3 months, including (+)-α-pinene, α-Naginatene, (E)-Tagetone and (Z)-Tagetenone. This study clarified the differences of VOCs composition and relative amount from leaves in different seasons and storage time of Tagetes lemmonii.

芳香萬(wàn)壽菊(Tageteslemmonii)為菊科萬(wàn)壽菊屬，為多年生草本植物，原產(chǎn)于北美洲，又稱甜萬(wàn)壽菊、香葉萬(wàn)壽菊，國(guó)內(nèi)作為園藝觀賞品種引進(jìn)栽培。芳香萬(wàn)壽菊花期長(zhǎng)花量大，具有極高的觀賞價(jià)值，可食用可藥用，具有清熱去火、消炎解毒等功效[1-3]，且全株具濃郁香氣，可驅(qū)蚊蠅。芳香萬(wàn)壽菊與萬(wàn)壽菊(Tageteserecta)相比，植株更加飄逸、花朵清麗，芳香宜人，即便植株干燥后，依然有馥郁香氣。芳香萬(wàn)壽菊的諸多優(yōu)勢(shì)使其在園林綠化、食品、醫(yī)藥、化工等領(lǐng)域具有廣闊的開發(fā)利用前景。

植物揮發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物(VOCs)是植物在自然狀態(tài)下通過(guò)體內(nèi)次生代謝途徑合成，并釋放到外界的揮發(fā)性化學(xué)物質(zhì)[4]，存在于植株的不同部位，具有顯著的凈化空氣、殺菌消毒等功能[5]，因此芳香植物被廣泛應(yīng)用于森林康養(yǎng)、康復(fù)景觀、芳香療法等領(lǐng)域。中醫(yī)的聞香治病，仍然是通過(guò)嗅聞藥物使芳香進(jìn)入體內(nèi)，作用于口鼻、肌膚、經(jīng)絡(luò)穴位等，以調(diào)整機(jī)體，避疫防病。植物揮發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物被集中提取出來(lái)成為植物精油，更可用于食品日化、醫(yī)療保健等諸多領(lǐng)域。利用植物揮發(fā)物的諸多功效，必須首先明確其化學(xué)組成。目前對(duì)萬(wàn)壽菊[6]、孔雀草[7]等精油自然釋放揮發(fā)物成分進(jìn)行了報(bào)道，但芳香萬(wàn)壽菊作為國(guó)內(nèi)時(shí)下的園林綠化植物，其形態(tài)、習(xí)性、栽培與應(yīng)用情況備受關(guān)注，對(duì)于其芳香特點(diǎn)，只進(jìn)行了定性的描述，還未對(duì)其進(jìn)行深入探討，對(duì)于芳香萬(wàn)壽菊自然釋放的揮發(fā)性物質(zhì)成分鮮有研究報(bào)道。……