遼吉側(cè)金盞花的開花特性和繁育系統(tǒng)1)

何淼 張紫馥 臧帥彤 尹雪 孟儒 孫穎

(東北林業(yè)大學(xué)，哈爾濱,150040)

Long-term observation was conducted on the flowering phenology, single flowering dynamics, floral syndrome, pollen viability and stigma receptivity, breeding systems and flower-visiting insects of Adonis ramosa. The result showed that the blooming period started in late March and ended in mid-April, with a single flower bloominglasting 5-17 d. Adonis ramosa wasdioecious. On 2nd blooming day, the anthers dehisced and pollens were spread out, and the pollens viability reached the highest 68.21%. Since 4th blooming day, the pollen vitality began to decrease significantly. The stigma was receptive on the first blooming day. The receptivity reached the strongest on 2nd day and lasted for about 3 d. The hybridization index of A. ramosa was 3. The pollen to ovule ratio was 1987. The breeding system of Adonis ramosa was parthenogenetic. Theflower visiting insects were mainly Apis cerana, Polygoina caureum and Syrphidae sp., among which, Apis cerana was the important pollinator.

遼吉側(cè)金盞花(Adonisramose)是毛茛科側(cè)金盞花屬，為多年生草本植物，主要分布于我國遼寧省東南部、黑龍江省北部和吉林省，朝鮮北部也有分布。遼吉側(cè)金盞花花色亮黃，花瓣富有光澤，具有很高的觀賞價值，是東北地區(qū)早春重要的植物資源。近年來，國內(nèi)外對于側(cè)金盞花屬的研究多以側(cè)金盞花為主，對其藥用價值[1]、種子特性[2-3]、繁育系統(tǒng)[4-5]、形態(tài)學(xué)[6-7]以及抗性和生理特性[8]均有研究，而對于遼吉側(cè)金盞花的關(guān)注不多，研究較為缺乏，僅有的研究也集中在化學(xué)成分分析[9]、藥用價值[10]及生物學(xué)特性[11]方面。由于對遼吉側(cè)金盞花的開花特性及繁育系統(tǒng)缺乏研究，嚴(yán)重影響了遼吉側(cè)金盞花的園林推廣應(yīng)用。

植物繁育系統(tǒng)是指所有影響后代遺傳組成的有性特征的總和，主要包括花形態(tài)特征、花的開放式樣、花各部位的壽命、傳粉者種類和頻率、自交親和程度和交配系統(tǒng)。其中交配系統(tǒng)是植物繁育系統(tǒng)核心，其對后代遺傳組成和適應(yīng)度具有重要影響，也是進(jìn)化生物學(xué)研究最活躍的領(lǐng)域[12]。繁育系統(tǒng)是植物的適應(yīng)性和物種形成機(jī)制聯(lián)系的紐帶，對植物的遺傳多樣化和育種多樣性具有重要意義[13]?；ㄆ鞴贋橹参锓敝硻C(jī)制的重要部分，了解植物的花部特征是認(rèn)識植物的基礎(chǔ)，其外部形態(tài)特征和內(nèi)部發(fā)育結(jié)構(gòu)都能影響植物的傳粉方式[14]。目前，有關(guān)植物花部特征和交配特性的理論基礎(chǔ)和方法技術(shù)逐漸成熟，成為繁育系統(tǒng)中相對獨立的內(nèi)容，為更加深入的了解植物的生殖與進(jìn)化提供了參考[15-17]?！?br>