黃樟高頻愈傷組織誘導及植株再生1)

劉新亮 戴小英 張月婷 章挺

(江西省林業(yè)科學院，南昌，330032)

The effects of different plant growth regulators on callus induction, adventitious bud induction, strong seedling culture and rooting culture were studied with MS as basic medium and new branches germinated from axillary buds of young stems of Cinnamomum porrectum as explants. The optimum medium for callus induction was MS added with 1.0 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and 0.2 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and the induction rate reached 90.00%. 6-BA and thifenuron (TDZ) play key role in the induction of adventitious buds of C. porrectum. The optimal combination of growth regulators to induce adventitious buds was MS supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 6-BA, 0.8 mg/L TDZ, and 0.05 mg/L naphthylacetic acid (NAA), the induction rate was 89.17%, and the number of adventitious buds was 49.27. Adding vitamin C (VC) and vitamin B2 (VB2) to adventitious bud subculture medium could effectively inhibit browning. The optimum combination was added with 0.5 mg/L 6-BA, 0.05 mg/LNAA, 15 mg/L VC, and 20 mg/L VB2. The most suitable combination for strong seedling culture before rooting was added with 0.2 mg/L 6-BA, 0.05 mg/L NAA, 15 mg/L VC, 20 mg/L VB2, and 15 g/L banana puree (BH). The rooting effect was the best in the medium of 1/2 MS added with 1.0 mg/L IBA and 0.5 mg/L NAA, and the rooting rate was 85.33%.

黃樟(Cinnamomumporrectum(Roxb.) Kosterm)屬樟科(Lauraceae)樟屬(Cinnamomum)植物，主要分布于長江以南各省區(qū)[1]。黃樟的根、莖、葉、枝均富含精油，是我國開發(fā)天然香料的重要木本精油植物資源之一[2]。黃樟不同個體間精油含量及主要成分存在較大差異，其精油的多樣性與多功能性符合國際上對日化用品在純天然、功能性等方面的需求，具有重要的開發(fā)利用價值和市場潛力。自然界中，黃樟呈小規(guī)模居群散生，加之20世紀50年代前后“掘根截桿”方式的開發(fā)，造成了黃樟資源較大程度的破壞，可開發(fā)利用資源極少[3]。黃樟個體間或世代間精油性狀顯著變異，其精油成分與化學型研究常根據(jù)單個種群甚或單株來源，現(xiàn)有資源不足以滿足其在香精香料產業(yè)發(fā)展中的應用，制約了不同化學型黃樟精油資源的開發(fā)利用[4-5]。目前黃樟優(yōu)良種質的規(guī)模化繁殖方式主要為扦插繁殖，隨著可持續(xù)發(fā)展理念的貫徹，創(chuàng)新高效繁育方法已成為當今黃樟天然香料產業(yè)發(fā)展的重中之重。

植物組織培養(yǎng)具有繁殖系數(shù)高、育苗周期短、不受外界環(huán)境限制等特點，在種質資源保存、大量繁殖方面具有明顯優(yōu)勢，廣泛應用于植物新優(yōu)特種質資源的保護和規(guī)模化繁殖[6]。利用組織培養(yǎng)技術繁殖黃樟優(yōu)良種質資源，是解決短期內規(guī)模化繁殖黃樟種苗有效方法之一，對提升生產中精油品質具有重要意義。植物的離體再生途徑包括腋芽萌發(fā)途徑、間接器官發(fā)生途徑和體細胞發(fā)生途徑[7]。……