配方施肥對長柄水青岡容器苗生長及葉片元素質量分數的影響1)

李洪忠 王德爐

(貴州大學,貴陽,550025)

In order to reveal the effect of formula fertilization on the growth and physiology of Fagus longipetiolata Seem., the optimal fertilization formula for the growth of F. longipetiolata and the physiological quality of the seedlings was explored. Peat, loess soil and vermiculite were used as matrix raw materials. By using an orthogonal experimental design with three factors and four levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, different ratios of fertilizers were applied in different containers to measure the morphological indicators (e.g., seedling height, ground diameter, main root length, diameter-to-height ratio, and number of branches) of seedlings under different fertilization conditions and the contents of N, P and K in leaves to determine the best formula for fertilization for Shuiqinggang seedlings. The average contents of N, P, and K elements in the leaves of the fertilization treatment increased by 49.4%, 158.6%, and 65.3% compared with the control. By the orthogonal test range analysis, the best fertilization combination was single plant The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium mass fractions of fertilization are 1.2, 1.2, 2.4 or 2.4, 2.4, 2.4, respectively. Comprehensive of all indicators, the optimal formula fertilization combination obtained in the experiment is the fertilization N, P, and K, and whose contents are all 1.2 g/plant.

容器育苗是現階段世界各國廣泛應用的優質幼苗生產技術之一，可有效保證幼苗質量和供應。容器育苗是將配制好的營養土或基質裝入合適容器進行育苗的技術手段。較傳統裸根苗而言，容器育苗主要有培育效率高、不易受外界環境影響、幼苗規格質量可控、易進行機械化管理以及能夠減少季節對造林限制的優點，并且通過容器育苗的造林過程無緩苗期[1-3]。通過容器育苗探究適合幼苗生長的最優條件(基質、光照、水分、營養)是林木育苗最普遍的手段[4-6]。已有研究表明，合理配比施肥能保證幼苗生長的養分供應、增加植物蛋白質質量分數、促進根系發育以及有效提高植物葉片葉綠素質量分數，可顯著提高幼苗的生長速度和質量[7-8]。除此之外，施肥還可以有效提高其抗病蟲害、抗寒、抗旱和抗倒伏的能力，促使根部發達，根系有效吸收面積擴大[9-11]，有效增加幼苗的成活率[12-13]。因此，施肥配方對幼苗生長至關重要，直接決定幼苗的存活率、質量和等級。

長柄水青岡(FaguslongipetiolataSeem.)又名長柄山毛櫸，屬殼斗科(Fagaceae)水青岡屬(FagusL)，落葉喬木，是良好的用材樹種。其種子含油量高、殼斗可入藥，是良好的油漆原料。水青岡屬植物是北溫帶森林的重要建群種之一，具有重要的經濟價值[14-18]，其幼苗生長對森林發育、更新和演替具有一定的意義，在研究植物系統演化和植物地理學中具有重要的地位，是植物生態學家和植物系統學家們長期關注的對象。……