土壤養分、林分結構和地形因子對毛竹更新的影響1)

宋賢芬 趙各進 嚴夏帆 陸雪婷 劉健 余坤勇

(福建農林大學，福州，350002)

In order to explore the regeneration effect of Phyllostachys pubescens after strip cutting and the key factors affecting the restoration and regeneration, we studied the effect of soil nutrients, stand structure and topographic factors on the restoration and regeneration of P. pubescens before the cutting by taking the pure forest of P. pubescens in the following year after strip cutting as the object. The soil nutrient content had a significant effect on Hsinchu’s average DBH, average height, and the number of plants in the plot, among which soil total carbon was the most significant factor. The average height of the original stand had a significant impact on the average diameter at breast height and average height of Hsinchu, the age uniformity of the original stand directly affected the average height of Hsinchu, and the original stand structure had no significant effect on the number of Hsinchu trees. There are significant differences in the number of Hsinchus in different terrains, and there is no significant difference in the average diameter at breast height and average height. The number of Hsinchu trees in different terrains is in the descending orders of downslope; middle slope and uphill; shady slope and sunny slope;and slope 1°-20° and slope 21°-40°, respectively. The interaction of topographic factors has no significant effect on the average diameter at breast height, average height and plant number of Hsinchu. The interaction of soil nutrients, stand factors and topographic factors explained the large-scale variation in DBH and bamboo height in Hsinchu. Improving the growth and regeneration of Hsinchu in the following year after strip cutting can be achieved by controlling environmental factors such as soil nutrients.

毛竹(Phyllostachysedulis)是我國南方主要竹種，根據第九次全國森林資源調查結果顯示，毛竹資源面積占竹林資源72.96%[1]。但是隨著毛竹經營成本的增加、人力資源的緊缺以及經營難度提高等因素的影響[2]，部分區域的毛竹林逐漸出現荒蕪的現象，極大地影響了毛竹資源的有效利用。帶狀采伐是一種效率高、成本低的采伐方式[3]。毛竹資源的規模化、機械化經營是解決成本上升、人力資源不足、區域竹資源荒蕪的關鍵。

植被恢復與生態系統的演化高度相關，地形、土壤、植被、水文都會導致植被動態分布格局、物種、生物量和群落結構的空間異質性[4]。幼苗更新與環境條件、林分結構、人為干擾等因子相關[5]；土壤養分是立地質量重要組成成分，也直接影響林地的生產力水平和植被更新[6]；土壤氮、磷是限制林分發育的重要元素，也是限制毛竹的生長的營養元素[7]；林分狀況不同，其幼林的恢復更新狀況也有所差異[8]，竹齡和林分密度直接影響幼苗的更新密度[9]；地形是重新分配自然資源的主要因素之一[10]，地形通過影響土壤水分、溫度、光照的移動分配影響幼苗的生長[11]，坡向和坡位等地形因子影響植物的物種數量、生物量和碳儲量的分布[12-13]。

毛竹帶狀采伐后林下群落結構動態[14]、土壤微生物群落結構[15]及土壤理化性質的變化[16]等對毛竹林的恢復更新具有重要影響。為了揭示毛竹帶狀采伐恢復更新的趨勢，以及采伐前土壤養分、林分結構和地形因子對帶狀采伐后毛竹恢復更新的影響，制定更有效的毛竹經營措施，促進區域林農的經濟收入。……