雒鵬 艾尼瓦爾·吐米爾
(新疆大學,烏魯木齊,830046)
Lichens are very sensitive to climate change due to their special physiological characteristics. With 56 distribution sites of Caliciaceaefrom Xinjiang and 9 selected environmental variables, the maximum entropy model and geographic information system were used to predict the suitable areas of Caliciaceae in Xinjiang under different climate scenarios, and to analyze the factors affecting their spatial distribution. The results show thatthe maximum entropy model has a high accuracy in simulating distribution of Caliciaceae in Xinjiang (AUC=0.903). The middle and high suitable areas of Caliciaceae are mainly located in the Altai Mountains, Balluk Mountains, Tianshan Mountains, Yili Valley and the western part of the northern Kunlun Mountains in Xinjiang. Slope, annual mean temperature and precipitation of driest quarter are the most important environmental factors affecting the spatial distribution of Caliciaceae in Xinjiang. The transfer of centroid in different scenarios proves that lichens are sensitive to climate change.
物種分布模型(SDMs)是預測物種范圍和確定環境變量影響物種分布的流行工具,其能夠將物種發生的地點與環境條件聯系起來,并提供整個研究區域物種棲息地的適宜性推測及跨時間的選擇性[1-2]。最大熵模型(MaxEnt)源于統計力學,是在滿足已知的約束條件下,利用不完全信息進行預測或推斷,選擇熵的最大模型[3]。該模型利用物種已存在的分布點和環境變量,通過不斷優化來推算該物種的生態需求和潛在分布區,操作簡單,可靠性高,是物種分布模型中最常用的優勢模型之一[4]。因此,該模型被廣泛應用于動植物保護、病蟲害防治、外來物種入侵、藥用植物分布等領域[5]。地衣是由真菌(共生菌)和一至多個藻類或藍藻(共生藻)形成共生關系的有機體[6]。這種生物體缺乏保護組織,直接從大氣中吸收水分、營養物質和氣體[7]。由于這些生理特征,地衣對水分利用和溫度變化都很敏感,是對氣候變化最敏感的生物之一,因此,其可作為評價氣候變化的理想生物[8-9]。不少學者運用最大熵模型對地衣的潛在適生區進行了分布預測[9-12]。
粉衣科(Caliciaceae)隸屬于子囊菌門(Ascomycota)茶漬綱(Lecanoromycetes)粉衣目(Caliciales),包含35個屬[13]。新疆目前記錄了粉衣科地衣的6屬14種1變種。本研究基于粉衣科地衣在新疆的分布點,結合環境變量,利用最大熵模型預測粉衣科地衣的適生區面積,分析影響其分布的主要環境因子,以期為今后新疆干旱區粉衣科地衣資源的調查和保護提供參考。……