神靈電灌區(qū)農(nóng)田灌溉水有效利用系數(shù)測(cè)算評(píng)估

摘要 為評(píng)估農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉用水效率，本文采用直接量測(cè)法與觀測(cè)分析法確定主要農(nóng)作物的凈灌溉定額。根據(jù)各類作物的實(shí)際灌溉面積推算灌區(qū)的凈灌溉用水量，以及灌區(qū)管理站提水記錄與灌區(qū)內(nèi)塘壩復(fù)蓄系數(shù)推算神靈電灌區(qū)毛灌溉用水總量，通過(guò)首位測(cè)算法求灌區(qū)農(nóng)田灌溉水有效利用系數(shù)，以此測(cè)算了神靈電灌區(qū)農(nóng)田灌溉水有效利用系數(shù)。結(jié)果表明，神靈電灌區(qū)系數(shù)從0.551 3提升至0.588 9，主要得益于配套工程的更新改造與灌區(qū)日益完善的管理維護(hù)工作。

關(guān)鍵詞 灌溉水有效利用系數(shù)；首尾測(cè)算法；凈灌溉用水量；蒸發(fā)蒸騰水量；節(jié)水灌溉制度

中圖分類號(hào) S277" "文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A

文章編號(hào) 1007-7731（2023）21-0106-05

Calculation and evaluation of effective utilization coefficient of farmland irrigation water in Shenling electric irrigation district

YU Fengcun1" " ZHANG Jun2

（1Anhui amp; Huaihe River Institute of Hydraulic Research， Key Laboratory of Water Conservancy and

Water Resources of Anhui Province， Hefei 230088， China;

2Feixi County Water Affairs Bureau， Hefei 230000， China）

Abstract To evaluate the efficiency of agricultural irrigation water in Shenling electric irrigation district， this paper" evaluated the net irrigation quota of main crops which determined by direct measurement method and observation analysis method， then the net irrigation water consumption was calculated according to the actual irrigated area of various crops， and the gross irrigation water consumption was calculated according to the water extraction record of the irrigation station and the restorage coefficient of the pond dam in the irrigated area. The effective utilization coefficient of farmland irrigation water was calculated by the first measurement method which were used to calculate the effective utilization coefficient of farmland irrigation water. The results show that the coefficient increases from 0.551 3 to 0.588 9 in the past five years， mainly due to the renovation of supporting projects and the improvement of management and maintenance of irrigation area.

Keywords the effective utilization coefficient of farmland irrigation water; head-end measurement method; net irrigation water consumption; amount of evapotranspiration; water-saving irrigation system

神靈電灌區(qū)位于安徽肥西縣東南部，為中型提水灌區(qū)。灌區(qū)范圍內(nèi)作物種植水稻為中稻和單季晚稻、小麥和油菜。灌區(qū)內(nèi)有神靈站和東南塘泵站。神靈站裝機(jī)800 kW、揚(yáng)程7.5 m，設(shè)計(jì)流量8.10 m3/s；東南塘泵站裝機(jī)150 kW、揚(yáng)程12.0 m，設(shè)計(jì)流量0.75 m3/s。

研究對(duì)象位于安徽省中部，合肥市西南部，地跨江淮流域之間，臨淝水之南，濱巢湖西岸。屬濕潤(rùn)季風(fēng)氣候區(qū)，主要特點(diǎn)是光照充足、無(wú)霜期長(zhǎng)，氣候溫和、雨量適中，全年季風(fēng)明顯、四季分明。蒸發(fā)量多年平均值為899.6 mm，年平均降水量993.8 mm，多年平均徑流280.4 mm。降水量年際、年內(nèi)分配不均，豐水年是平均年的2～3倍，枯水年僅為平均年的20%左右。徑流量主要集中在汛期的6—9月份，占全年的60%左右，其他季節(jié)徑流量較少。地勢(shì)北高南低，中北部丘陵起伏，崗沖相間，大別山余脈形成江淮分水嶺，自西向東橫貫縣境中北部。……