朱砂根區域試驗性狀主成分及適應性分析

摘要 為促進朱砂根產業發展，在福建省龍巖市、三明市和漳州市試驗點開展朱砂根區域試驗，對朱砂根性狀進行主成分分析，按特征值≥1和累積方差貢獻率達80%提取3個主成分，方差貢獻率分別為36.028%、27.548%和17.587%，以3個主成分的方差貢獻率為權重計算栽培品種的綜合評分，并分析朱砂根的適應性。結果表明：試驗地點間存在差異，龍巖武平與其他4個試驗點的差異均極顯著，其品種綜合評分最高，為91.40；漳州長泰與其他4個試驗點的差異極顯著或顯著，其品種綜合評分最低，為57.92。朱砂根的生長性狀與海拔有一定相關性，試驗點海拔在300～600 m的朱砂根保存率、生長性狀和結實性狀均高于平均值。朱砂根的結實狀況與緯度有一定相關性，中亞熱帶海拔區域為朱砂根栽培適宜區，南亞熱帶的高溫氣候不適宜朱砂根生殖生長，結實性狀表現較差。參試朱砂根栽培品種對生態區域、氣候環境和栽培條件的適應性無顯著差異。

關鍵詞 朱砂根；區域試驗；主成分分析；適應性分析

中圖分類號 S686 文獻標識碼 A

文章編號 1007-7731（2023）21-0092-05

Principal component analysis and adaptability of characters in regional test of

Ardisia crezlata Sims

LIAO Bolin

（Forestry Seedling Station， Longyan 364000， China）

Abstract In order to promote the development of Ardisia crenata Sims industry， a regional cultivation experiment of Ardisia crezlata Sims was carried out in Longyan， Sanming and Zhangzhou for the first time. Three principal components were extracted according to the characteristic value≥1 and the cumulative contribution rate of variance over 80%. The contribution rate of variance was 36.028%， 27.548% and 17.587%， respectively. The comprehensive score of cultivar was calculated based on the weight of the variance contribution rate of the 3 principal components， and the adaptability of Ardisia crezlata Sims was analyzed with the comprehensive score as the index. The results showed that there were differences among the test sites， and Wuping Longyan had the highest comprehensive score of 91.40 compared with the other 4 test sites. The difference between Zhangzhou Changtai and the other 4 experimental sites was very significant or significant， and its comprehensive score was the lowest （57.92）. The growth traits of cinnabar root were correlated with the altitude. The survival rate， growth character and seed setting character of Ardisia crezlata Sims were higher than the average value at the altitude of 300- 600 m. The fertility of Ardisia crezlata Sims is related to the latitude. The mid-subtropical zone with an elevation is suitable for the cultivation of Ardisia crezlata Sims. The hot climate in the south subtropical zone is not suitable for the reproductive growth of Ardisia crezlata Sims， the performance of the fruiting traits was very poor. There was no significant difference in adaptability to ecological region， climate environment and cultivation conditions among the tested cultivars.

Keywords Ardisia crezlata Sims; regional test; principal component analysis; adaptability analysis

朱砂根（Ardisia crenata Sims）是紫金?？频某＞G觀賞植物，分布范圍廣，種質資源豐富，觀賞及藥用價值較高[1-2]。朱砂根可分為觀果、觀葉和葉果同觀等觀賞類型，是較佳的室內盆栽植物，還可片植于庭前、角隅、假山旁、溪邊、池畔或草坪等處，亦可用作林下地被、綠籬和果籬等[3]?！案毁F籽”是朱砂根類觀果花卉的商品名，包括朱砂根的變種紅涼傘（Ardisia crenata Sims var. bicolor）等[4]。生產上朱砂根有多個栽培品種，其中已獲得植物新品種權的有20個?！?br>