模塊化漂浮城市 新城市發展設計方案

業主單位：漂浮城市

項目類別: 公共空間、居住區

主創建筑師：Bjarke Ingels,Daniel Sundlin

項目監管：Alana Goldweit,Jeremy Alain Siegel

合作方: MIT Center for Ocean Engineering,Mobility in Chain,Sherwood Design Engineers,Center for Zero Waste Design,Transsolar Klima

工程: Global Coral Reef Alliance,Studio Other Spaces,Dickson Despommier

設計日期: 2019 年4 月

項目規模: 75 公頃

Client: OCEANIX

Program: Public Space,Living Community

Partners-in-Charge: Bjarke Ingels,Daniel Sundlin

Project Leaders: Alana Goldweit,Jeremy Alain Siegel

Status: In Progress

Collaborators: MIT Center for Ocean Engineering,Mobility in Chain,Sherwood Design Engineers,Center for Zero Waste Design,Transsolar Klima

Engineering: Global Coral Reef Alliance,Studio Other Spaces,Dickson Despommier

Date: 04/2019

Size: 75 hectares

作為聯合國人類住區規劃署（UN-Habitat）新城市發展議程的一部分，BIG建筑事務所提出了世界上第一個可擴展并可持續發展的漂浮城市設計方案。據估計，到2050年時，世界上90%的大城市將面臨海平面上升的威脅，導致大面積的房屋被淹，并且城市基礎設施會遭到嚴重破壞。這個漂浮城市被稱作“Oceanix City”，致力于應對由于氣候變化所導致的人居環境問題。并且，該方案以聯合國可持續發展目標為基礎，將實現食物、能源、水和廢物的循環利用。

Oceanix City能夠隨著時間的推移實現有機的擴展，它是一座不斷成長、不斷適應新變化的城市。占地2公頃的模塊化街區可容納多達300名居民，居民們可利用這些多用途的空間進行生活，工作和聚會。所有的建筑物都保持在7層以下，以創造一個低重心，且能抵抗強風的結構，而扇形的建筑外形能為內部空間和公共空間提供庇蔭。

在每個浮動平臺的核心區域，有共享的農業設施，讓居民在共享文化的同時，實現零廢物的可持續性生活。在海平面以下，將進行生態浮礁、海藻、牡蠣、貽貝、扇貝和蛤蜊的養殖，在清潔污水的同時，還能實現生態系統的循環。

根據BIG建筑事務所的方案，每六個浮動平臺組成一個村莊，整個城市將包含六個村莊，總共可容納1萬多人。六個浮動平臺將共同環繞著一片被保護的中心海港區域，這里設置有社交、娛樂和商業的設施，以鼓勵居民們共同聚集，并在村莊周圍移動。整個漂浮城市還將包括：公共廣場，市場，靈性修煉中心，學習中心，健康中心，體育中心和文化中心，這樣完整的城市結構，能讓居民們形成強烈的社區意識和身份認同感。

所有的社區，無論規模大小，都會優先考慮使用當地的建筑材料，包括使用快速生長的竹子作為原材料，因為竹子的抗拉強度是鋼材的六倍，并且它的碳足跡還為負值，同時還可以在社區內種植。這些城市可以在陸地上進行預制造，然后拖運到目標地點。這樣不但可以降低建設成本，并且海洋的租賃成本也很低，可以成為未來有優勢的經濟適用房模型。

By 2050,90% of the world’s largest cities will be exposed to rising seas.The vast majority of coastal cities will be impacted by coastal erosion and flooding,displacing millions of people,while destroying homes and infrastructure.As part of UN-Habitat’s New Urban Agenda,Oceanix and BIG propose a vision for the world’s first resilient and sustainable floating community for 10 000 residents.Designed as a man-made ecosystem,Oceanix City is anchored in the UN Sustainable Development Goals,channeling flows of energy,water,food and waste to create a blueprint for a modular maritime metropolis.

Oceanix City is designed to grow,transform and adapt organically over time,evolving from neighborhoods to cities with the possibility of scaling indefinitely.Modular neighborhoods of 2 hectares create thriving self-sustaining communities of up to 300 residents with mixed-use space for living,working and gathering during day and night time.All built structures in the neighborhood are kept below 7 stories to create a low center of gravity and resist wind.Every building fans out to self-shade internal spaces and public realm,providing comfort and lower cooling costs while maximizing roof area for solar capture.Communal farming is the heart of every platform,allowing residents to embrace sharing culture and zero waste systems.Below sea level,beneath the platforms,biorock floating reefs,seaweed,oysters,mussel,scallop and clam farming clean the water and accelerate ecosystem regeneration.

By clustering six neighborhoods around a protected central harbor,larger villages of 12 hectares can accommodate up to 1,650 residents.Social,recreational and commercial functions are placed around the sheltered inner ring to encourage citizens to gather and move around the village.Residents can easily walk or boat through the city using electric vehicles.

Aggregating to reach a critical density,six villages connect to form a city of 10,000 residents with a strong sense of community and identity.A larger protected harbor is formed in the heart of the city.Floating destinations and art,including six specialized landmark neighborhoods with a public square,market place and centers for spirituality,learning,health,sport and culture create destinations drawing residents from across the city and anchoring each neighborhood in a unique identity.All communities regardless of size will prioritize locally sourced materials for building construction,including fast-growing bamboo that has six times the tensile strength of steel,a negative carbon footprint,and can be grown on the neighborhoods themselves.

Floating cities can be prefabricated on shore and towed to their final site,reducing construction costs.This paired with the low cost of leasing space on the ocean creates an affordable model of living.These factors mean that affordable housing can be rapidly deployed to coastal megacities in dire need.The first Oceanix Cities are calibrated for the most vulnerable tropical and sub-tropical regions around the globe.