儀征巴氏樸園考

薛青?胡運宏

摘要：儀征樸園是清代嘉慶時期大鹽商巴光誥所建的宅園，位于儀征縣城正北方向，在當地具有一定社會影響力，然于咸豐時期被焚毀，現存關于景致文獻資料寥寥。對巴光誥刊行的詩文集《樸園題贈集》和地方縣志等文獻資料進行研究剖析，提取樸園的建筑定位、園路結構和植物搭配等信息，并加以歸納整合。通過對游記《樸園記》進行全面解讀，以此為藍本，復原樸園基本面貌，從該園的山體、水體、建筑、植物4個要素分析景觀特征，探究園林層次性與建筑功能性的表現方法。

關鍵詞：儀征古園林;樸園;鹽商宅園;徽州巴氏

中圖分類號：TU986

文獻標志碼：A

文章編號：1671-2641（2022）03-0048-05

投稿日期：2021-11-15

修回日期：2021-12-14

Abstract：The Pu Garden in Yizheng County was built by the great salt merchant Ba Guanggao during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty. It was located in the north of Yizheng County， and had social influence in the local area， while had been burned down during the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty. The existing literature about the scenery is rare. Through analyzing Ba Guanggao's anthology named Puyuan Tizengji， countie's annals and other literature textual research， effective information such as the location of buildings， road structures and plants collocation are extracted， summarized and integrated. It makes a comprehensive interpretation of the routes of Puyuan Ji and restores the plan of Pu Garden based on this. In addition， this paper analyzes the landscape characteristics from four elements of mountain， water， architecture and plants， and explores the expression method of garden hierarchy and architectural function.

Key words：Classical garden in Yizheng; Pu Garden; Merchant residence garden; Ba's Family in Huizhou

江蘇省儀征市位于長江岸邊，自宋代以來，是我國重要的鹽運交通中心，明清時期有大量鹽商聚集于此，并修建了許多私家園林。清朝嘉慶年間，票鹽施行，徽商逐漸淡出揚州，加之戰事影響，河患不斷，儀征之前鼎盛時日不再。此時儀征鹽商巴光誥及其仲弟巴光奎，于儀征城北部巴祠旁邊建造大型山水園林樸園，花費白金二十余萬兩，五年始成①，且園中假山為戈裕良所疊。此園在當時具有重大的社會影響，錢泳更是評價其為“淮南第一名園”[1]。

樸園建成后的嘉慶二十三年（1818年），巴光誥邀請眾多文人游園，并把友人們游園所寫的園記、題詠和自己所撰《樸園自記》做了整理，刊行一本《樸園題贈集》，詳細描述了園林所建目的及意義，他對后代的殷殷期望，園林游覽路線以及主要景點梗概等。……