不同栽培方式對直播酸棗種苗生長指標的影響

劉亞亞 羅康寧 張秀麗 肖正璐 秦一統 張曉霞

摘要：為確定慶陽市酸棗育苗最佳播種模式，以當地野生酸棗為材料，研究不同栽培方式對直播酸棗種苗生長指標的影響，結果表明，寬窄行覆膜處理出苗最整齊，出苗率最高，可達87.23%;植株長勢最強，主莖基粗達7.65 mm，極顯著高于其他2個處理。打頂處理主莖基部最粗，達8.02 mm，但與其他2個處理差異不顯著。綜合出苗率、種苗各生長指標，慶陽市酸棗最適播種方式為寬窄行覆膜，種苗無需打頂處理。

關鍵詞：慶陽;酸棗;栽培模式;生長指標

中圖分類號：S665.1? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文獻標志碼：A? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文章編號：1001-1463（2022）05-0063-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2022.05.016

Effects of Different Cultivation Modes on Seedling Growth Indexes of Sour Jujube Using Direct Seeding

LIU Yaya， LUO Kangning， ZHANG Xiuli， XIAO Zhenglu， QIN Yitong， ZHANG Xiaoxia

（Qingyang Academy of Agrcultural Sciences， Qingyang Gansu 745000， China）

Abstract：The effects of different cultivation modes on seedling growth indexes of wild jujube direct seeded in Qingyang City were studied with germplasm resources of wild sour jujube in Qingyang City， to determine the best seeding mode for local jujube seedling. Results showed that the wide and narrow film mulching treatment had the most orderly seedling emergence， the highest seedling emergence rate（87.23%）， the strongest plant growth and the main stem base diameter of 7.65 mm， which were significantly higher than that of the other two treatments. The base of main stem was the thickest in the topping treatment（8.02 mm） but no significant difference was detected when compared with that of the other two treatments. According to the emergence rate and seedling growth indexes， the best seeding mode for sour jujube seeding in open fields of Qingyang was wide and narrow film mulching， and seedlings did not need to be treated with topping.

Key words：Qingyang; Zizyphus jujube; Cultivation mode; Growth indicator

酸棗[Ziziphus jujube Mill.var. spinosa（Bunge） Huex H.F.Chou]是鼠李科棗屬植物，在我國北方多個省份分布廣泛，主要生長在向陽的山坡和丘陵地[1 ]。酸棗全身是寶，酸棗仁具鎮靜安神的功效，是我國名貴中藥之一。酸棗果實被稱為“維C之王”，是很好的保健品。酸棗葉中所含酸葉酮對冠心病有較好的治療效果。酸棗花蜜源豐富、品質優良，棗核可制活性炭，具有較好的綜合開發利用價值。酸棗根系發達、葉片柵欄組織厚，有耐寒、耐旱、耐瘠薄等特性，具有極強的生命力，是防風固沙、水土保持的首選樹種[2 - 3 ]。慶陽市屬黃土高原溝壑區，坡陡溝深，塬面受水土侵蝕嚴重，生態環境極為脆弱[4 ]。在國家實施鄉村振興戰略背景下，可依托慶陽自然資源優勢，大力發展鄉土特色樹種，引導農民利用荒山、荒坡建設酸棗經濟林產業基地，在增加收入，助力鄉村振興的同時，有效推動黃河流域隴東黃土高原生態保護與高質量發展。……