芝罘島 中國最大的陸連島

仙輯

芝罘島橫亙于煙臺市區北部的海面上，又稱芝罘山，主峰高298米，東西長約9000米，是三面環海一徑南通的陸連島。

數千年之前，芝罘島是一個海中孤島，與煙臺隔海相望。由于海岸近海區域有一股由附近河流沖積物和海灘物質形成的“海岸泥沙流”，再加上芝罘島的屏蔽隱藏作用，泥沙漸漸在此堆積，日久天長，最終形成了兩條沙壩，將芝罘島與大陸連接了起來。這個沙壩上的物質主要為較粗的沙礫質，在地貌學上，這樣的沙壩就稱為連島沙壩，這樣的島嶼就稱為陸連島。

芝罘島是中國漫長海岸線上眾多島嶼之中一個最為典型和著名的陸連島。連島沙壩共有4條，海拔高度約三四米，長達6000米，寬有500-800米。芝罘島有著悠久、深厚的歷史沉淀，具有十分重要的歷史文化意義。早在春秋戰國時期，轉附（芝罘）就與碣石、句章、瑯玡、會稽被稱為五大港口，齊景公曾來此游覽，欣賞這里的景色。據《史記》記載，秦始皇于公元前221年統一中國后，曾三次東巡登芝罘，留下許多珍貴的史料。到漢晉時代，這里成為中國北方最大口岸。唐以后，芝罘一直屬于中國重要海口，煙臺開埠以后，芝罘與海外的交往更加頻繁。

芝罘島是煙臺重要的漁業基地、航運基地、造船工業基地。創下多項世界之最的“藍鯨1號”鉆井平臺，從這里駛向南海。

Lying on the sea surface in the north of Yantai City， Zhifu Island is also called Zhifu Mountain. Running as long as 9 kilometers from east to west with the peak as high as 298 meters， it is a land-tied island surrounded by the sea in three directions and the land in the south.

Thousands of years ago， Zhifu Island is an offshore island lying in the sea off the coast of Yantai. Thanks to the sand flow formed by nearby river alluvium and beach material in the coastal area in addition to the screening and concealing role of Zhifu Island， sand gradually accumulated here. By and by， it finally formed two sandbanks connecting Zhifu Island to the land. The sandbank is mainly composed of relatively thick gritty soil. In geomorphy， such a sandbank is called a land-tied sandbank and such an island is called a land-tied island.