崔琛



摘 要:黑碳(Black Carbon, BC)是PM2.5的重要組成成分,對氣候、空氣質量與人體健康都存在負面影響。為了了解山西省BC排放特征,識別重點排放時段與區域,本文基于MERRA-2再分析數據,探究了山西省BC濃度時空分布特征,并分析了山西省近年來環境空氣質量控制政策,結論如下:①山西省BC濃度南高北低,全省年平均濃度為4.04 μg/m3;②BC濃度日變化特征明顯,峰值出現在5:00—7:00,谷值出現在14:00—15:00,季節趨勢為冬季>秋季>夏季>春季;③山西省BC減排措施主要集中在工業、居民區與交通排放部門。
關鍵詞:黑碳;污染特征;山西;MERRA-2;減排措施
中圖分類號:X513;F206 ? ? 文獻標志碼:A ? ? 文章編號:1003-5168(2022)3-0128-04
DOI:10.19968/j.cnki.hnkj.1003-5168.2022.03.030
Analysis on Pollution Characteristics and Emission Reduction Policies of Black Carbon in Shanxi
CUI Chen
(School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387,China)
Abstract: Black carbon (BC) is an important component of PM2.5, which has negative impacts on global climate, air quality and human health. In order to understand BC emission characteristics in Shanxi and identify periods and areas of high BC emissions, based on the second Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications(MERRA-2) data, the spatial-temporal variances of BC concentrations in Shanxi in 2020 were discovered in this study, and the results are as follows:①BC concentrations were high in south part of Shanxi and low in the north part.Annual mean concentration was 4.04 μg/m3.②Characteristics of BC hourly variation were obvious. The peak values were at 5:00—7:00 and the valley values were at 14:00—15:00 in four seasons. BC concentrations were highest in winter, followed by autumn and summer, with lowest in spring. ③ The BC emission reduction policies were concentrated on industrial, residential and traffic emissions.
Keywords: Black Carbon; pollution characteristics; Shanxi; MERRA-2; emission reduction policies
0 引言
PM2.5是一種非均質的混合物。黑碳(Black Carbon,BC)是PM2.5的組分之一,是一種碳質顆粒,主要由化石燃料和生物質的不充分燃燒而產生,主要排放來源為居民區、交通及工業部門。BC的空氣動力學直徑很小,隨著BC顆粒粒徑的降低,其在大氣中停留的能力增加,有助于BC的長距離輸送[1]。BC氣溶膠可影響氣候變化,對光有很強的吸收性,能夠吸收太陽輻射,加熱大氣,導致正向輻射強迫,是除了CO以外又一導致全球變暖的重要因素。BC顆粒物的排放增加也會降低區域空氣質量,已發表的文獻表明,BC氣溶膠相比PM2.5具有更大的健康危害[2]。新鮮的BC顆粒具有多孔性,易于吸附其他有害污染物,進而損害人體健康。長期或短期暴露于BC污染,對人體心血管、呼吸系統與神經系統都有負面影響,如引起心率異常、血壓升高、動脈粥樣硬化、哮喘、呼吸道炎癥及兒童和老年人認知能力下降等[3]。……