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四川毛茛科二新種——烏頭屬一新種和唐松草屬一新種

2022-03-17 00:07:40王文采
廣西植物 2022年1期

摘 要:? 該文描述了自四川西部發現的毛茛科二新種,包括四川烏頭屬一新種,即瀘定烏頭(Aconitum ludingense W. T. Wang),此新種隸屬于烏頭屬烏頭亞屬,以及四川唐松草屬一新種,即狹藥唐松草(Thalictrum stenantherum W. T. Wang),給出了此新種與其近緣種六脈萼唐松草之間的形態區別。

關鍵詞: 毛茛科, 烏頭屬, 唐松草屬, 新種, 四川

中圖分類號:? Q949

文獻標識碼:? A

文章編號:? 1000-3142(2022)01-0010-04

收稿日期:? 2020-12-20

基金項目:? 中國科學院植物研究所資助王文采院士科研活動經費(110100PZ07)[Supported by the Fund for WANG Wen-tsai Academician Scientific Research of Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences(110100PZ07)]。

第一作者: 王文采(1926-),研究員,中國科學院院士,著名植物分類學家,長期從事有花植物分類學研究。

Two new species of Aconitum and Thalictrum

(Ranunculaceae) from Sichuan

WANG Wencai (WANG Wen-tsai)

( State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China )

Abstract:? Two species of the family Ranunculaceae are described as new from western Sichuan Province, including a new species of the genus Aconitum, A. ludingense W. T. Wang, belonging to Subgen. Aconitum, and a new species of the genus Thalictrum, T. stenantherum W. T. Wang, and the morphological differences between it and its close ally, T. sexnervisepalum W. T. Wang are given.

Key words: Ranunculaceae, Aconitum, Thalictrum, new species, Sichuan

在2018年和2019年兩年中,同事張樹仁先生率隊到四川橫斷山區,考察那里豐富、復雜的植物區系,采集到大量植物標本。我在鑒定其中毛茛科標本的過程中,發現毛茛科二新種:烏頭屬一新種,即瀘定烏頭;唐松草屬一新種,即狹藥唐松草。

瀘定烏頭 圖1:1-11

Aconitum ludingense W. T. Wang, sp. nov. Fig. 1

Ob foliadissecta, flores interdum solitarios species nova haec est aliquantum similis A. monantho Nakai, a quo caulibus multo brevioribus 3 m longis, foliorum basalium petiolis etiam multo brevioribus 0.9-2.2 cm longis, sepalo supero galeoto-naviculari haud rostrato, gynoecio ex carpellis quinque dense sericeis constanti valde differt. In A. monantho, caules 14-30 cm longi, foliorum basalium petioli 5-20 cm longi, sepalum superum alte galeatum et rostratum, et gynoecium ex carpellis tribus glabris constans est.

Small biennial herbs 3-5 cm tall. Root tubers 2, small, ellipsoidal or conic, 7-9 × 3 mm. Stem very short, 3 mm long, 2 mm across, glabrous, near base 1-2-leaved, apex with a short raceme. Basal leaves ca. 4, glabrous; blades subcoriaceous, cordate-pentagonal, or reniform, 0.4-1.2 × 1-2.5 cm, 3-parted to 0.5-1 mm above base, central lobe smaller, broad-rhombic, 0.4-0.7 cm broad, 3-lobed, with lobules linear-ovate entire or 1-2-denticulate, lateral lobes larger, obliquely flabellate, 0.5-1.7 cm broad, unequally 2-parted, with secondary lobules 2-3-lobed or 2-parted; petioles 0.9-2.2 cm long. Cauline leaves similar to basal ones. Racemes terminal, 3-3.5 cm long, 1-3-flowered; bracts foliaceous, shortly petiolate; pedicels robust, 2-2.4 cm long, with dense spreading short hairs 0.1-0.2 mm long, below or above 2-bracteolate; bracteoles linear, 2-6×0.4-1 mm, glabrous. Flower: Sepals blue, membranous, upper sepal 13 mm long, apex galeate ca. 5 mm broad, else-where navicular, ca. 3 mm broad, adaxially glabrous, abaxially above with sparse hairs and ciliate; lateral sepals obliquely flabellate, ca. 10 × 11 mm, apex slightly undulate, adaxially and abaxially on the middle with sparse short hairs; lower sepals broad-elliptic, ca. 6 × 4 mm, adaxially glabrous, abaxially near apex puberulous, apex rounded. Stamens ca. 30, glabrous; filaments white, lanceolate-linear, 3.5-5 × 0.6 mm; anthers black, ca. 0.8 × 1 mm. Carpels 5; ovaries linear, 3.5-4 × 0.8 mm, densely sericeous; styles 0.8-1 mm, glabrous. Follicles narrow-oblong 10 × 3-4 mm, with sparse hairs and transverse nerves, persistent styles 2 mm long. Seeds whitish, compressed-tetrahedral, ca. 2 mm long.

四川(Sichuan):瀘定縣,雅家梗山口 (Luding Xian, Yajiageng Pass), alt. 3 950 m,高山草甸 (on alpine meadow),2018-09-06,陳文俐,蔣善文,張中帥 (W. L. Chen, S. W. Jiang & Z. S. Zhang) 912 (holotype, PE)。

瀘定烏頭的葉細裂,花有時單生,與具上述特征的高山烏頭(A. monanthum Nakai)有些相似,兩者的區別在于瀘定烏頭的莖很短,長僅3 mm,基生葉葉柄也很短,長0.9~2.2 cm,上萼片盔狀船形,不具喙,雌蕊群由5枚密被卷毛的心皮組成。而高山烏頭,莖長14~30 cm,基生葉葉柄長5~20 cm,上萼片高盔形,具喙,雌蕊群由3枚無毛心皮組成(王文采,1979)。

狹藥唐松草

圖2: 1-5

Thalictrum stenantherum W. T. Wang, sp.? nov. Fig. 2 [Sect. Rutifolia (Prantl) W. T. Wang] Ob thyrsos plus minusve racemiformes, foliola breviter hirtella, sepala glabra, ovaria brevissime pilifera species nova haec est affinis T. sexnerrvisepalo W. T. Wang, a quo sepalis 3-nervibus, androecio staminodiis carenti, staminum filamentis filiformibus, stylis ovariis longioribus differt. In T. sexnervisepalo, sepala 6-nervia, androecium staminodiis aliquot praeditum, staminum filamenta anguste linearia, styli ovariis aequilongi sunt.

Peremial herbs 45-88 cm tall. Stems simple, subglabrous, smooth, above base inconspicuously and longitudinally 15-canaliculate, ca. 7-leaved. Cauline leaves shortly petiolate, twice or thrice ternate; blades nerly deltoid, 6.5-11 × 6-13 cm, 15-52-foliolate; leaflets papery, terminal ones broad-obovate, obovate or broad-rhombic, lateral ones ovate or broad-ovate, 5-14 × 5-15 mm, (2-)3-lobulate, with lobules 1-3-denticulate or entire, adaxially glabrous, abaxcially on nerves with short and rigid hairs 0.05-0.1 mm long, with nerves adaxially concave and abaxially prominent; petioles 0.5-3 cm long, with rachis and petiolules subglabsous. Thyrses terminal, 10-23 × 3-11 cm, 5-30-flowered, with branches more or less racemiform; bracts foliaceous, once or twice ternate; pedicels slender, 0.3-2 cm long, with rachis glabrous. Flower: Sepals 4, yellowish, ovate, ca. 3.6 × 3 mm, with apex slightly acute, or oblong, 3.8-4 × 1.2-2 mm, glabrous, 3-nerved. Stamens 22-36, glabrous; filaments filiform, 2.5-4 mm long; anthers linear, 2.2-2.8(-3) × 0.3-0.5 mm, apex acute. Carpels 4-6; ovaries shortly stipitate, long elliptic, 1.2 × 0.5 mm, with very short hairs 0.05 mm long; styles ca. 1.6 mm long, glabrous, abaxially above with narrow-linear stigma 0.8-0.9 mm long.

四川 (Sichuan): 九龍縣,湯古鄉,獵塔湖 (Jiulong Xian, Tanggu Xiang, Lieta Lake), alt. 3 752 m,路邊,花黃色 (roadside, fls. yellow), 2019-07-10,張樹仁,單章建,李邦澤 (S. R. Zhang, Z. J. Shan & B. Z. Li) 2880 (holotype and isotype; PE)。

狹藥唐松草的聚傘圓錐花序多少成總狀花序狀,小葉下面被短微硬毛,萼片無毛,子房有短毛,與具上述特征的六脈萼唐松草(T. sexnervisepalum W. T. Wang)(產四川崇州)有相近的親緣關系,兩者的區別在于狹藥唐松草的萼片有3條脈,雄蕊群無退化雄蕊,雄蕊花絲絲形,花柱長度大過子房。而六脈萼唐松草,萼片有6條脈,雄蕊群有一些退化雄蕊,雄蕊花絲呈狹條形,花柱與子房等長(王文采,2018)。

參考文獻:

WANG WT, 1979. Aconitum[M]//Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae. Beijing: Science Press, 27: 113-326. [王文采, 1979. 烏頭屬[M]//中國植物志. 北京: 科學出版社, 27:113-326.]

WANG WT, 2018.Thalictrum (Ranunculaceae) in China [M]. Beijing: Peking University Press. [王文采, 2018. 中國唐松草屬植物 [M]. 北京: 北京大學出版社.]

(責任編輯 蔣巧媛)

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