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四川毛茛屬五新種和一新變種, 其中一新種代表一新組

2022-03-17 07:19:25王文采
廣西植物 2022年1期

摘 要: ?該文描述了自四川西部發現的毛茛科毛茛屬五新種。其中:三新種,即石棉毛茛(Ranunculus shimianensis)、細叉葉毛茛(R. tenuifurcatus)和細裂葉毛茛(R. perdissectus)隸屬于美麗毛茛組(Sect. Auricomus);第四新種,即瀘定毛茛(R. ludingensis)隸屬于毛茛組(Sect. Ranunculus);第五新種,即絲莖毛茛(R. filistolonifer)代表一新組,特征為植株平臥,匍匐莖十或十多條輻射狀開展,花的花瓣3片,雄蕊2枚。此外,還描述了叉裂葉云生毛茛(R. nephelogenes var. furcatilobatus)一新變種。

關鍵詞: 毛茛科, 毛茛屬, 新種, 新變種, 四川

中圖分類號: ?Q949

文獻標識碼: ?A

文章編號: ?1000-3142(2022)01-0001-09

基金項目: ?中國科學院植物研究所資助王文采院士科研活動經費 (110100PZ07) [Supported by the Fund for WANG Wen-tsai Academician Scientific Research of Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (110100PZ07)]。

第一作者: 王文采(1926-),研究員,中國科學院院士,著名植物分類學家,長期從事有花植物分類學研究。

Five new species and one new variety of Ranunculus

(Ranunculaceae) from Sichuan, with one new section

represented by one of these species

WANG Wencai (WANG Wen-tsai)

( State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China )

Abstract: ?Five species of the genus Ranunculus (Ranunculaceae) are described as new from western Sichuan Province. Of them, three new species, R. shimianensis, R. tenuifurcatus and R. perdissectus belong to Sect. Auricomus, one new species, R. ludingensis belongs to Sect. Ranunculus, and the fifth new species, R. filistolonifer, characterized by prostrate and rudiately spreading 10 or more stolons, and 3 petals and 2 stamens per flower, represents a new section. Besides, one variety of R. nephelogenes is described as new too.

Key words: Ranunculaceae, Ranunculus, new species, new variety, Sichuan

最近,我在鑒定同事朱相云、張樹仁先生近年來自四川西部采集到的大量毛茛科植物標本的過程中,發現了以下毛茛屬五新種和一新變種,其中一新種,即絲莖毛茛代表一新組。

毛茛屬 Ranunculus L. 美麗毛茛組 Sect. Auricomus (Spach) Schur 石棉毛茛 圖1: 1-4 Ranunculus shimianensis W. T. Wang, sp. nov. Habitu species nova haec est aliquantum similis R. hetianensi L. Liou, a quo caulibus humilibus 3-6 cm altis, foliis caulinis indivisis, carpellis stylos brevissimos ferentibus valde differt. In R. hetianensi, caules 20 cm alti, folia caulina 3-secta, carpela stylos subulatos ferentes sunt. Small perennial herbs. Stems 1-3, 3-6 cm tall, glabrous, simple or above base with a short branch, 2-4-leaved and above 2-flowered, the other one or two stems shorter, vegetative, only 2-leaved. Basal leaves 3-5, long petiolate, glabrous; blades papery, deltoid, broad-ovate, rhombic or rotund-ovate, 4-7 × 4-8.5 mm, at base truncate or broodly cuneate, at apex obtuse, on each margin obtusely or rotundly 1-3-dentate, inconspicuously 3-nerved; petioles 0.7-2 cm long, at base vaginate. Cauline leaves mostly similar to basal ones, glabrous, only the upper-most ones lanceolate or linear, and often on margin sparsely ciliate. Flower opposite to upper cauline leaf, with pedicel 3-13 mm long. Sepals 5, broad-ovate, ca. 1.5 mm long. Petals 5, yellow, oblong-ovate, ca. 3×2 mm, glabrous, at apex rounded, abaxially above base with a small nectariferous pit lacking a scale. Stamens ca. 12, glabrous; filaments linear, 1 mm long; anthers broad-elliptic, ca. 0.8 × 0.5 mm. Carpels ca. 7, glabrous; ovaries 1 mm long; styles ca. 0.3 mm long; stigmas narrow-linear, ca. 0.2 mm long.

四川 (Sichuan):石棉縣,栗子坪鄉,孟獲新村,孟獲城 (Shimian Xian, Liziping Xiang, Menghuoxin Cun, Menghuocheng), alt. 2 580 m,草原,花黃色 (grassland, fls. yellow), 2019-04-18,張樹仁,李邦澤,林東亮 (S. R. Zhang, B. Z. Li & D. L. Lin) 3102 (holotype and isotype, PE)。

石棉毛茛在體態方面與和田毛茛(R. hetianensis L. Liou)有些相似,兩者的區別在于石棉毛茛的莖低矮,高3~6 cm,莖生葉不分裂,心皮具極短花柱而明顯不同。而和田毛茛,莖高20 cm,莖生葉3全裂,心皮具鉆形花柱(劉亮,1980)。

叉裂葉云生毛茛 新變種 圖1: 5? Ranunculus nephelogenes Edgew. var. furcatilobatus W. T. Wang, var. nov. ?A. var.nephelongeni differt foliorum basalium laminis furcate 3-lobatis. In var. nephelongeni, foliorum basalium laminae indivisae et integrae sunt. 此變種的基生葉葉片叉狀3淺裂,與模式變種不同。而模式變種,基生葉葉片不分裂且全緣(劉亮,1980)。

四川 (Sichuan):九龍縣,湯古鄉,伍須海 (Jiulong Xian, Tanggu Xiang, Wuxuhai), alt. 3 707 m,湖邊濕地,花黃色 (lake front wetland, fls. yellow), 2019-07-11, 張樹仁,單章建,李邦澤 (S. R. Zhang, Z. J. Shan & B. Z. Li) 2944 (holotype, PE)。云南 (Yunnan):中甸,天義 (Zhongdian, Tianyi), 1998-08-25, 楊親二,孔宏智 (Q. E. Yang & H. Z. Kong) 98-153 (PE); 同地 (same location),碧塔海附近 (near Bitahai),1998-09-03,楊親二,孔宏智98-239 (PE)。西藏 (Xizang):Markam Xian, Hong La just on N side of pass, S of Markam. Alt. 4 083-4 145 m. Mixed forest of Picea, Abies, Quercus, Juniperus, Salix. Seepage in open with various species other of Ranunculus and Veronica, 2000-07-12. D. E. Boufford, S. L. Kelley, R. H. Ree & S. K. Wu 29406 (PE)。

細叉葉毛茛 圖2: 1-5 Ranunculus tenuifurcatus W. T. Wang, sp. nov. Ob folia basalia furcato-divisa, flores solitarios, petala 5, eorum foveolas nectariferas squamis carentes, carpella glabra, stigmata inconspicua species nova haec est affinis R. furcatifido W. T. Wang, a quo foliorum basalium laminis ambitu suboblongis, eorum lobis anguste linearibus margine intergris, petalis majoribus orbiculari-obovatis vel late obovatis 4.5-6 mm latis praeclare recedit. In R. furcatifido, foliorum basalium laminae ambitu late rhombicae, earum lobi oblongo-oblanceolati, lineares vel anguste lanceolati vulgo 1-2-lobulati, petala anguste obovata 2-3 mm lata sunt.

Perennial herbs. Stems 2, ca. 16 cm tall, from above base with long branches, appressed-pubescent. Basal leaves ca. 2, long petiolate; blades papery,suboblong in outline, 3-4 × 0.8-1.5 cm, furcately 3-parted, central lobe lanceolatee-linear, 2-2.4 × 0.1-0.2 cm, lateral lobes narrow-linear, 0.09-2 × 0.09 cm, adaxially glabrous, abaxially with sparse hairs; petioles 5-6 cm long, at base with narrow membranous sheaths. Cauline leaves narrow-linear, 1-4.8 × 0.02-0.12 cm, subglabrous, in lower ones at base with narrow sheaths. Flowers solitary, terminal to stem and upper short branches or only terminal to stem. Sepals (4-)5,

greenish, suboblong, ca. 4.8 × 1.1 mm, adaxially glabrous, abaxially appressed-pubescent. Petals 5, yellow, orbicular-obovate or broad-obovate, 6-7 × 4.5-6 mm, at base shortly unguiculate, above base with a small nectriferous pit lacking a scale. Stamens ca. 10, glabrous; filaments narrow-linear, 1.2 mm long; anthers oblong ca. 1× 0.3 mm. Gynoecium ovoid, ca. 4.5 × 3 mm; carpels ca. 80, glabrous; ovaries narow-ovate, 0.5-0.8 × 0.3-0.4 mm; styles 0.3-0.6 mm long, abaxially with inconspicuous stigma tissuue. Aggregate fruits narrow-ellipsoidal, ca. 6 × 4.8 mm; achenes ellipsoidal, ca. 1 × 0.8 mm, glabrous; persistent styles 0.6-0.8 mm long.

四川 (Sichuan): 康定市,吊海子 (Kangding Shi, Diaohaizi), alt. 4 038 m,高山草甸 (on alpine meadow),2017-07-21,朱相云,蔣勇,祖奎玲,張若鵬 (X. Y. Zhu, Y. Jiang, K. L. Zu & R. P. Zhang) GG117 (holotype, PE)。

細叉葉毛茛的基生葉叉狀分裂,花單生,花瓣5枚,其蜜槽無鱗片,心皮無毛,柱頭不明顯,與具上述形態特征的叉裂毛茛(R. furcatifidus W. T. Wang)在親緣關系上相近,兩者的區別在于細叉葉毛茛的基生葉葉片輪廓呈近長圓形,其裂片呈狹條形,邊緣全緣,花瓣較大,呈圓倒卵形或寬倒卵形,寬4.5~6 mm。而叉裂毛茛,基生葉葉片輪廓呈寬菱形,其裂片呈長圓狀倒披針形、條形或狹披針形,通常有1~2小裂片,花瓣呈狹倒卵形,寬2~3 mm (王文采,1994)。

細裂葉毛茛 圖3: 1-5

Ranunculus perdissectus W. T. Wang, sp. nov.

Ob foliorum laminas vulgo ter divisas, petala quinque, eorum foveolas nectariferas squamis carentes species nova haec est aliquantum similis R. tangutico (Maxim.) Ovcz., a quo foliorum laminis pinnatim divisis, floribus in mochasium dispositis valde differt. In R. tangutico, foliorum laminae 3-sectae, flores solitarii ad apicem caulis vel ramorum terminales sunt.

Perennial herb. Stems 2, ca. 17 cm tall, from above base long 1-2-branched, appressed-puberulous, below with a few leaves. Basal leaves ca. 5, long petiolate; blades papery, broad-ovate or deltoid, 1-2.2 × 2-3.2 cm, pinnately divided, pinnae 2 pairs, shortly stipitate or sessile, twice or thrice dissected, ultimate lobes narrow-lanceolate-linear, narrow-linear or subfiliform, 2-9 × 0.2-1 mm, subglabrous or abaxially with sparse hairs; petioles ca. 4 cm long, puberulous. Cauline leaves similar to small basal leaves. Monochasium terminal, 4-6-flowered; bracts sessile, 2-3-sect, with lobes narrow-linear, 10-15 mm long; pedicels 1-6 cm long, appressed-puberulous. Flower: Sepals 5, narrow-elliptic, ca. 3 × 1.6 mm, adaxially glabrous, abaxially puberulous. Petals 5, yellow, broad-obovate or obovate, 6.6 × 3-4.5 mm, glabrous, 7-nerved, nectariferous pits lacking scales. Stamens 15-20, glabrous; filaments narrow-linear, ca. 1.2 mm long; anthers oblong, ca. 1 × 0.3 mm. Gynoecium ovoid, ca. 1.8 × 1 mm; carpels ca. 30, ovaries ca. 0.7 mm long, styles 0.3 mm long, glabrous. Aggregate fruits suboblong, ca. 5 × 2.5 mm; achenes obovoid or narrow-obovoid, 1.2 × 0.8-1 mm, appressed-puberulous; persistent styles 0.3 mm long.

Sichuan: Kangding Shi, Waze Xiang, Huojiazhong, Zheduo Shan (康定市,瓦澤鄉,火莢仲,折多山),alt. 3 648 m, alpine timber-line covered with Rhododentron, Sorbus, Salix species, 2010-08-10, J. I. Jeon, H. S. Lee, H. J. Eom, Y. I. Park & B. Liu S11332 (holotype, PE)。

細裂葉毛茛的葉片通常3回分裂,花瓣5,其蜜槽無鱗片,與具上述特征的高原毛茛 [R. tanguticus (Maxim.) Ovcz.]有些相似,兩者的區別在于細裂葉毛茛的葉片羽狀分裂,花數朵組成單岐聚傘花序而顯然不同。而高原毛茛,葉片3全裂,花一朵在莖或枝條頂端頂生(劉亮,1980)。

絲莖毛茛組

Sect. Nematocladium ?W. T. Wang, sect. nov. Type: R. filistolonifer W. T. Wang.

Herbae pernnes, prostratae. Stolones decem vel plus, filiformes, ex fasciculo foliorum basalium nascentes, et radiatim extrinsecus expansi, ad nodos folia vulgo unum vel duo et radices unam vel duas emittentes. Floris petala tria, et ejus stamina duo. Secundum hos characteres sectio nova haec ex generis Ranunculi sectionibus sinensibus ceteris distinguitur.

Species unica, in Shimian Xian Provinciae Sichuan habitat.

多年生草本,平臥。匍匐莖10條或更多條自一叢基生葉中生出,并向各方向輻射狀展出,絲形,在節上通常生1~2葉和1~2條根。花的花瓣2片,雄蕊2枚。按照這些特征,此新組可與毛茛屬的中國其他組相區別(Tamura, 1995;王文采,1995)。

1種,產于四川省石棉縣。

絲莖毛茛 圖4: 1-10Ranunculus filistolonifer W. T. Wang, sp. nov.Perennial herbs, prostrate. Stolons ten or more arising from the fascicle of basal leaves and radiately in various directions spreading out, filiform, 10-25 cm long, 0.5(-1) mm across, near leaves with sparse hairs, with inernodes 1.6-6 cm long, on each node putting forth 1(-3) leaf and 1(-2) root. Basal leaves ca. 5, long petiolate, glabrous; blades papery, renifom-ovate or subsemiorbicular, 3-5 × 5-7 mm, at base cordate-truncate or truncate, 3-5-rotund-dentate; petioles 8-10 mm long. There are two kinds of stolon leaves: most stolon leaves similar to basal leaves, but slightly smaller, with blades 1.5-4 × 3-7 mm, sometimes some upper stolon leaves being rhombic or obovate in shape; some stolon leaves even more smaller, shortly petiolate or subsessile, rhombic or broad-ovate, on each margin with 3-4 triangular acute teeth. Flower solitary, terminal or axillary, glabrous. Sepals 3, green, triangular-ovate, ca. 1.2 × 0.8 mm. Petals 3, yellow, elliptic or broad-elliptic, 1.5 × 0.6-1.2 mm, at apex rounded, 3-nerved, nectariferous pit lacking a scale. Stamens 2; filaments linear, ca. 0.5 mm long; anthers broad-elliptic, also 0.5 mm long. Carpels 7-10; ovaries elliptic, ca. 0.8 mm long; styles ca. 0.2 mm long. Achenes ellipsoidal, slightly compressed, ca. 1.2 × 0.9 mm, glabrous; persistent styles ca. 0.4 mm long, often slightly hooked.

四川 (Sichuan):石棉縣,田灣鄉,灣東河 (Shimian Xian, Tianwan Xiang, Wandong River), alt. 2 147 m,林下,花黃色 (in forest, fls. yellow), 2019-07-07,張樹仁,單章建,李邦澤 (S. R. Zhang, Z. J. Shan & B. Z. Li) 2780 (holotype and isotype, PE)。

毛茛組 Sect. Ranunculus 瀘定毛茛 圖5: 1-4 Ranunculus ludingensis W. T. Wang, sp. nov.

Ob folia ternata, sepala reflexa, petalorum foveolas nectariferas squamas ferentes carpella glabra species nova haec est affinis R. sinovasginato W. T. Wang, a quo plantis scaposis, foliolis longius petiolulatis, petalis haud unguiculatis, carpellis stylos breves ferentibus differt. In R. sinovaginato, plantae caulibus foliatis praeditae, foliola breviter petioluata vel sessilia, petala basi unguiculata, carpella stylos subulatos ferentia sunt.

Small perennial herbs, 3-6 cm tall. Leaves 3-6, all basal, ternate, long petiolate; blades papery, cordate-pentagonal, 0.9-2.5×1-3.8 cm; central leaflet with petiolule up to 1 cm long, broad-rhombic, up to 1.5 cm broad, 3-cleft to 3-parted, with lobes 1-2-dentate or entire, lateral leaflets with petiolules up to 5 mm long, obliquely broad-ovate, unequally 2-parted, adaxially appressed-puberulous, abaxially with sparse hairs; petioles 1-4.5 cm long, subglabrous. Scape solitary, 2.5-5 cm tall, glabrous, on apex 1-flowered. Flower: Sepals 5, reflexed, narrow-triangular, 4.5-5 × 2 mm, glabrous. Petals 5, yellow, suboblong, ca. 8 × 3.2 mm, at base not unguiculate, inconspicuously 5-nerved, apex rounded, nectariferous pit with a semiorbicular scale. Stamens ca. 20, glabrous; filaments linear, rarely narrow-linear, ca. 1.2 mm long; anthers broad-ellirtic, ca. 1.3 × 0.8 mm, rarely oblong, ca. 0.8 × 0.4 mm. Carpels ca. 9, glabrous; ovaries narrow-ovate, ca. 2 mm long; styles very short; stigmas 0.25 mm long.

四川 (Sichuang): 瀘定縣,新興鄉,草坪子村,雅家梗 (Luding Xian, Xinxing Xiang, Caopingzi Cun, Yajiageng), alt. 2 622 m,山坡草地,花黃色 (in grassy place on slope, fls. yellow), 2019-04-20,張樹仁,李邦澤,林東亮 (S. R. Zhang, B. Z. Li & D. L. Lin) 3161 (holotype and isotype PE)。

瀘定毛茛的葉為三出復葉,萼片反折,花瓣蜜槽具鱗片,心皮無毛,與具上述特征的褐鞘毛茛(R. sinovaginatus W. T. Wang)有相近的親緣關系,兩者的區別在于瀘定毛茛具無葉的花葶,小葉具較長小葉柄,花瓣無爪,心皮花柱極短而不同。而褐鞘毛茛,植株的莖具葉,小葉具短柄或無柄,花瓣有爪,心皮具鉆狀花柱(劉亮,1980)。

致謝 衷心感謝朱相云、張樹仁、班勤先生提供珍貴標本;孫英寶先生為本文繪圖,并打印文稿。

參考文獻:

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TAMURA M, 1995. Ranunculaceae: Systematic Part. HIEPKO P, Nat. Pflanzenfam., Zwei. Aufl., 17aIV: 224-497. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot.

WANG WT, 1994. Notulae de Ranunculaceis Sinensibus (XVII) [J]. Acta Phytotax Sin, 32(5): 467-479.? [王文采, 1994. 中國毛茛科植物小志(十七) [J]. 植物分類學報, 32(5): 467-479.]

WANG WT, 1995. A revision of the genus Ranunculus in China [J]. Bull Bot Res, 15(2): 137-180; (3): 275-329.? [王文采, 1995. 中國毛茛屬修訂 [J]. 植物研究, 15(2):? 137-180;(3): 275-329.]

(責任編輯 蔣巧媛)

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