王艷萍
在英語句子中,謂語動詞必須與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,這叫“主謂一致”。近幾年高考,對該內容的考查主要涉及“語法一致”“意義一致”“就近一致”這幾方面。
下面,筆者先向大家介紹語法一致的具體用法。
“語法一致”是指主語和謂語動詞在語法形式上保持一致。當主語為單數(shù)形式時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;當主語為復數(shù)形式時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。
單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時,謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式;主語為復數(shù)形式時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。
例:Leaving the less important things until tomorrow is often acceptable.(2016·全國卷II)
注意:由what引導的名詞性從句作主語時,謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式取決于主語從句指代的意義。
例①:What I can tell you is that the tsunami wave cannot be stopped.
例②:What we need are ten books.
“and / both...and...”連接并列成分作主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。例如,Both the students and the teacher are playing football now.
1.如果and連接的兩個并列主語指的是同一個人或事物(第二個名詞前沒有限定詞),謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。
例:The poet and writer has produced many works.(這位詩人兼作家出版了許多作品。)
2.由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前分別有each、every修飾時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
例:Every hour and every minute is very valuable.
主語為單數(shù)名詞或代詞,盡管后面跟有“with, together with, along with, like, as well as, as much as, more than, rather than, except, but, besides, including”等具有連接意義的單詞或詞組,謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式,此為就前(遠)原則。
例:The musician along with his band members ________ (give) ten performances in the last three months.(2019·江蘇卷)
【解析】句子主語“The musician”是單數(shù)形式,根據(jù)“in the last three months”可知句子的時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時,故填“has given”。
主語是“either/neither/each/every/no +單數(shù)名詞”或由some、any、no、every構成的復合不定代詞時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
例:When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody has to worry about fashion.(2019·浙江卷)
trousers、glasses、clothes、shoes、jeans等由兩部分構成一個整體的名詞作主語時,謂語動詞常用復數(shù)形式。例如,My trousers are old, so I want to buy a new pair.
1.如果主語前有a series of、a kind of、a piece of、a pair of 等量詞修飾時,謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。……