一種新型結構的脈動熱管啟動特性實驗研究

摘" 要：脈動熱管作為一種結構簡單且具有高效傳熱特性的新型傳熱元件，其傳熱性能主要受到結構幾何參數、填充工質的特性和工況、運行工況等因素影響。其獨特結構和傳熱特性有望應用于新能源汽車電池散熱及微電子元器件封裝散熱。文章實驗研究內徑2mm銅管，充液率40%的混合制冷劑R410a新型結構脈動熱管蒸發段冷凝段在不同溫差下熱管啟動特性。結果表明：該結構熱管在壓力1.1MP初始溫度10℃下，冷熱段溫差4℃比2℃啟動時間提前5s，啟動溫度提高0.5℃。

關鍵詞：異型結構;脈動熱管;低溫混合制冷劑R410a;傳熱特性

中圖分類號：TK124" " " " 文獻標志碼：A" " " " "文章編號：2095-2945（2021）13-0030-04

Abstract： As a new type of heat transfer element with simple structure and high heat transfer efficiency， the heat transfer performance of pulsating heat pipe is mainly affected by the geometric parameters of the structure， the characteristics and working conditions of the working medium， and the operating conditions. Its unique structure and heat transfer characteristics are expected to be used in new energy vehicle battery cooling and microelectronic component packaging cooling. In this paper， the start-up characteristics of R410a pulsating heat pipe with inner diameter of 2mm copper tube and liquid filling rate of 40% under different temperature difference were studied. The results show that when the pressure is 1.1MP and the initial temperature is 10℃， the start-up time is 5 seconds earlier and the start-up temperature is 0.5℃ higher than that at 2℃.

Keywords： irregular structure; pulsating heat pipe; low temperature mixed refrigerant R410a; heat transfer characteristics

脈動熱管是由日本學者Akachi[1]提出的一種高效傳熱設備，具有結構簡單、體積小、成本低、傳熱能力高等特點，近年來得到了眾多國內外科研工作者和機構的廣泛關注和研究。通過實驗研究對脈動熱管特性主要包括啟動性能、傳熱性能、傳熱極限等。結構幾何參數、填充工質的特性和工況、運行工況[2]等參數會影響以上性能。

隨著新能源電動汽車的崛起，各類型新型電池作為其動力的主要來源直接影響行駛里程，對電動汽車電池熱管理提出了更嚴苛的要求[3]。電池在工作時內部存在多種反應熱及外界環境溫度變化，會造成電池在非正常溫度環境下工作。往往導致電池組性能下降，壽命縮短，溫度變化較大甚至會引發可燃性危險。隨著微電子封裝技術和集成技術的發展，電子元器件和電子設備的尺寸逐漸趨于小微型化，所產生的熱量會迅速累積，導致集成電子與元器件周圍的熱流密度增加，該溫度將會影響到電子元器件和設備的性能，其對散熱的需求更加提高[4]。……