張彩鳳
倒裝句,是一種以倒裝的形式把需要強調的成分移至句首,使之居于顯著位置的句式結構。它的實質在于語序的改變,具有強調突出、平衡結構、承上啟下、營造氛圍等功能。在高中英語書面表達中,同學們若能打破常規,巧妙應用倒裝句,則可以極大地提高語言表達的生動性和表現力,增添作文亮點,使行文錯落有致。
一、巧用only型倒裝句
only型倒裝句,即句首以only開頭的倒裝句,具體包括:
(1)當句子以“only+副詞”開頭時,主句可以使用部分倒裝。如:①Only then did he realize the importance of health.(直到那時他才意識到健康的重要性。)② Only recently did I understand what my father meant. (直到現在我才明白父親的意思。)
(2)當句子以“only+介詞短語”開頭時,主句可以使用部分倒裝。如:①Only by stimulating students tothink and act independently rather than rely on their par- ents will they beable to build upasuccessfulcareerwhen they come of age.(只有鼓勵學生獨立思考和行動而不是依賴父母,長大以后他們才能成功立業。)②Only in this way can we have enough energy to studyEnglish better.(只有這樣我們才能夠有足夠的精力投入到英語學習中去。)
(3)當句子以“only+狀語或狀語從句”開頭時,主句可以使用部分倒裝。如①Only when one is away from home does one realize how nice home is.(一個人只有在離開家時才會意識到家庭的溫暖。)②Only after you graduate from college,will you learn how it is to
get a job like that.(只有當你大學畢業后,你就會知道得到那樣一個工作是怎么樣一種情形。)
二、巧用否定型倒裝句
否定型倒裝句,即否定詞置于句首的倒裝句。具體體現在如下方面:
(1)當諸如at no time, in no way, by no means等含有否定意義的介詞短語置于句首時,可以使用部分倒裝句。如:①At no time have I said such a thing!(我從? 來沒有說過這樣的話。)②By no means will our friend- ship be affected.(我們的友誼不會受到影響。)
(2)當諸如 never, seldom,rarely, scarcely, little 等表示否定或半否定意義的副詞置于句首時,則用部分倒裝句。如:①Never have I encountered such superiorquality at such a reasonable price!(我從來沒有遇過這么平價卻又高品質的產品。)②Rarely has a debate attractedso much media attention.(很少有一場辯論吸引這么多的媒體關注。)
(3)在not until...(直到……才), hardly...when...(剛一……就……),no sooner...than...(一……就……)句式結構中,若否定詞置于句首時,則可以用部分倒裝。如:① Not until I had finished all my homework did I goto bed last night.( 昨晚直到把作業做完后,我才上床睡
覺。)②Scarcely hadthe game started when it began to rain.(比賽剛開始就下起雨來了。)
(4)當用not only...but also...連接兩個并列分句時,前一個分句用部分倒裝,而后一個分句則不用倒裝。如:Not only does she speak French, but also she is proficient in computers.(她不僅會說法語,而且精通計算機。)
三、巧用so/such型倒裝句
so/such 型倒裝句, 即 so/such 引導的倒裝句,具體則有:
(1)在“so+助動詞/情態動詞/系動詞+主語結構”中,需要使用倒裝句。如:—They have been to Beijing.—So have I .(——他們去過北京。——我也去過。)
(2)在“so +形容詞/副詞...that”結構中,若將so+形容詞/副詞置于句首,則需要用倒裝句。如:①So beau- tiful is our school that I love it very much.(我愛我的學校,它真的很漂亮。)
總之,在平時的英語學習中,同學們要熟練掌握倒裝句的各種句式和用法,并加強訓練,靈活遷移運用到寫作中,從而夯實英語語言能力,提升英語寫作水平。
(作者單位:江蘇省濱海縣東元高級中學)