企鵝歸巢游客中心

項目地點：澳大利亞維多利亞菲利浦島

業(yè)主單位：菲利浦島自然公園

設計單位：TERROIR

竣工日期：2019 年

總建筑面積：4 950 平方米

項目施工：KANE 建筑公司

景觀設計：Tract 顧問公司

結(jié)構(gòu)及土木工程：Stantec

項目經(jīng)理：AECOM

照片攝影：John Gollings,Peter Bennetts

Project location:Phillip Island,Victoria,Australia

Client:Phillip Island Nature Parks

Architecture Design:TERROIR

Completion Year:2019

Gross Built Area:4 950 SQM

Construction:KANE Constructions

Landscape:Tract Consultants

Structural &Civil Engineer:Stantec

Project Manager:AECOM

Photographs:John Gollings,Peter Bennetts

一個多世紀以來，人們絡繹不絕地在黃昏時分來到菲利普島，觀看小企鵝們走上岸邊。人們能夠在一個壯觀而敏感的景觀中親近企鵝，使該地成為全球同類體驗最重要的場所之一，而菲利普島上的“企鵝歸巢”在之后成了澳大利亞排位第一的野生動物景點——每日傍晚有4000名游客前來。

在二十世紀80年代，薩默蘭住宅區(qū)內(nèi)有177間住宅，研究表明企鵝會于1997年在“企鵝歸巢”消失。為此，州政府通過致力于買下整塊地產(chǎn)來確保小企鵝們的未來——環(huán)境保護上的世界首創(chuàng)。同時，菲利普島自然公園成為企鵝護理與企鵝棲居地開發(fā)的杰出權威機構(gòu)。新的“企鵝歸巢”游客中心必須通過圖解、實驗與功能的背景，承載起游園與保護功能的愿景。

建筑位于沙丘、海岬以及濕地三處景觀的交匯處，像一枚別針將這些景觀連接起來，并以各自特定的方式匯集、回應彼此——以一種正式而實驗性的方式。三處景觀的力量通過建筑表面的均質(zhì)鋅貼面得到體現(xiàn)，貼面在增強抽象性的同時提供了一個常量，三處景觀以此襯托自身。建筑圍繞著三處景觀進行空間組織并使景觀可見，激發(fā)對三者的理解與體驗。因此，除了頗受歡迎的黃昏觀看企鵝體驗，半島的生態(tài)特征還通過其他方式來驅(qū)動體驗與收入，增長的利潤則貢獻給研究與保護計劃。選址不僅以一種正式的方式探討著景觀間的邊界，同時提供了7公頃新的企鵝棲息地。這個決定——將客戶定位為企鵝種群自身——在帶領游客到達、穿過建筑與景觀的過程中盡可能不影響到企鵝，并減少任何有害的種群重疊。

從城市到企鵝世界的旅途中，最重要的是建筑中一條80米的長脊，其組織著三處景觀的最終交匯點，同時根據(jù)是否適合沿途各種功能與景觀，在周圍沿路安排布置建筑內(nèi)容。長脊與功能空間之間，處于功能未定義的“第三空間”的層狀邊緣狀態(tài)，由座椅、解釋性元素與門檻組成，同時解決了高流量活動空間的物流壓力，以及在自然棲息地親密接觸小企鵝的問題。新的“企鵝歸巢”游客中心在半島上創(chuàng)造出一種更加復雜的游客體驗。隨著企鵝種群的鞏固，以及資助一項更加廣泛的野生動物保護計劃，這塊曾經(jīng)主要作為住宅的地區(qū)，如今轉(zhuǎn)變成一處主要的野生動物保護區(qū)。而這也激發(fā)了潛能，擴展聚焦生態(tài)與環(huán)境旅游的游客體驗。

People have been coming at twilight to watch Little Penguins come ashore on Phillip Island for almost a century. The ability to get close to the penguins in a spectacular but sensitive landscape,makes this one of the key places in the world for this experience and subsequently the Penguin Parade on Philip Island is the number one wildlife attraction in Australia -with up to 4000 visitors every evening.

In the 1980s,Summerland Estate consisted of 177 houses and research identified the penguins would disappear from the Penguin Parade by 1997.The state government secured the future of the little penguins by committing to buy back the entire estate–a world first in environmental conservation.At the same time,Philip Island Nature Parks has become a pre-eminent authority on care for penguins and development of penguin habitat. The new Penguin Parade Visitor Centre has to carry the ambitions of this tourism and conservation program across iconographic,experiential and functional contexts.

The building sits at the nexus between 3 landscapes:dunes,headland and wetland,linking these landscapes like a brooch that gathers these together and responds to each in specific ways–formally and experientially. The power of the three landscapes is acknowledged in the homogenous zinc cladding to the building that increases its abstraction while providing a constant against which the three landscapes are registered. This tough exterior is complemented by an equally robust interior consisting of exposed sustainably-sourced Victorian Ash timber structure and plywood panels that,as with the exterior,are selffinishing materials with integral colour and texture. Central to the journey from an urban world to the world of the penguins is the 80m long spine of the building which organises the ultimate junction of three landscapes and arranges program around and along it as appropriate for the various functions and landscapes intertwined in these moves. The centre features visitor facilities,including retail and hospitality spaces,a theatre,interpretation space,in addition to an education centre.

平面圖 plan

剖面圖 sections

Between the spine and functional spaces is a layered edge condition of unprogrammed and indeterminate“third spaces”of seats,interpretative elements and thresholds which simultaneously address the disjunction between the logistical pressures of a high-volume event space and the intimacy of encountering a small penguin in its natural habitat.

The new Penguin Parade Visitor Centre contributes to a more sophisticated visitor experience on the peninsula. An area once prime real estate has been transformed into a major wildlife sanctuary,with the growth of the penguin population underpinning and funding a broader wildlife conservation program. This in turn has led to the potential for expanded visitor experiences that focus on ecological and environmental tourism.