杉達學院515名大學生HPV疫苗相關知識知曉程度及影響因素調查分析

張蓉蓉 李笑丹 吳國莉 徐燕

摘 要 目的：了解上海杉達學院部分大學生人乳頭瘤病毒疫苗相關知識知曉程度及其影響因素。方法：于2019年3月采取便利抽樣方法抽取上海杉達學院國際醫學技術學院和外語學院2018級在校大一學生為研究對象進行問卷調查，共發放問卷536份，回收有效問卷515份，問卷有效回收率96.1%。結果：杉達學院515名大學生中，聽說過宮頸癌的學生比例（88.7%）高于聽說過人乳頭瘤病毒疫苗的學生比例（49.1%）。杉達學院515名大學生人乳頭瘤病毒疫苗相關知識平均得分為（7.16±1.64）分，“人乳頭瘤病毒疫苗接種是宮頸癌的哪一級預防措施”“人乳頭瘤病毒感染的后果包括宮頸癌、陰道癌和陰莖癌等”這兩題的答題準確率方面，醫學專業和非醫學專業學生的差異有統計學意義（P<0.05）。是否為女性、是否聽說過宮頸癌、是否擔心自己/女性親友有罹患宮頸癌的風險、是否聽說過人乳頭瘤病毒疫苗為杉達學院515名大學生人乳頭瘤病毒疫苗相關知識知曉程度的影響因素（P<0.05）。結論：大眾傳媒應加強人乳頭瘤病毒疫苗報道的專業性，提升大眾對人乳頭瘤病毒疫苗的認知度。可參考將人乳頭瘤病毒疫苗納入青少年女性免費接種計劃的澳大利亞、墨西哥等國家的政策，制定適合我國國情的疫苗接種制度，從而達到降低宮頸癌發病率、保障女性健康的最終目標。

關鍵詞 宮頸癌；人乳頭瘤病毒疫苗；大學生

中圖分類號：R186 文獻標志碼：A 文章編號：1006-1533（2021）20-0012-04

Investigation and analysis about the awareness level and influence factors of HPV vaccine among 515 undergraduate students of Sanda University

ZHANG Rongrong1， LI Xiaodan1， WU Guoli2， XU Yan1（1. Department of Nursing of School of International Medical Technology， Sanda University， Shanghai 201209， China； 2. Project HOPE， Shanghai 200127， China）

ABSTRACT Objectives： To investigate the awareness level of human papillomavirus（HPV） vaccine and its influencing factors among undergraduate students in Sanda University， Shanghai. Methods： In March 2019， the convenience sampling method was adopted to select the grade 2018 freshman students from the School of International Medical Technology and the School of Foreign Languages of Sanda University， Shanghai to conduct a questionnaire survey. A total of 536 questionnaires were distributed， 515 valid questionnaires were collected， and an effective recovery rate was 96.1%. Results： Among 515 undergraduate students of Sanda University， the proportion of students who had heard of cervical cancer（88.7%） was higher than that of students who had heard of HPV vaccine（49.1%）. The average score of HPV vaccine knowledge among 515 college students in Shanda University was （7.16±1.64）， and there was significant statistical difference between medical and non-medical students in accuracy of the answers to the following two questions： “which level of prevention was HPV vaccination for cervical cancer？” and “the consequences of HPV infection included cervical cancer， vaginal cancer and penile cancer etc”（P<0.05）. Whether they were female， whether they heard of cervical cancer， whether they were worried about the risk of cervical cancer for themselves/female relatives and friends， and whether they heard of HPV vaccine were the influencing factors of awareness of HPV vaccine related knowledge among 515 undergraduate students in Shanda University（P<0.05）. Conclusion： Mass media should strengthen the professionalism of HPV vaccine reports and enhance citizens cognition of HPV vaccine. The policies of Australia， Mexico and other countries that have included HPV vaccine in the free vaccination program for young women can be consulted to formulate a vaccination system suitable for Chinas national conditions， so as to achieve the ultimate goal of reducing the incidence rate of cervical cancer and ensuring the health of women.