全要素視角下上市中藥工業企業創新資源使用效率及其變動分解研究

胡夢超 劉偉 李磊 柏星馳 殷新鑫 洪峰 耿冬梅

中圖分類號 R95;F272.5 文獻標志碼 A 文章編號 1001-0408（2021）19-2314-07

DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2021.19.02

摘 要 目的：為提高中藥工業企業創新效率提供有效的改善路徑和政策建議。方法：基于2014-2020年38家上市中藥工業企業的創新資源投入、產出數據，從全要素視角出發構建評價指標體系。首先采用數據包絡分析（DEA）模型測算樣本企業的靜態效率，同時給出創新資源使用的4種模式分類;再運用全要素Malmquist指數法，按不同時期和微觀個體分析創新資源使用效率的變動分解情況。結果與結論：上市中藥工業企業創新資源使用效率水平總體過低，綜合效率均值僅為0.293;33家樣本企業的創新資源投入產出不合理，無效原因較多來自于純技術效率不足;38家樣本企業的全要素Malmquist指數均值為0.818，效率整體呈衰退趨勢，技術進步阻礙是引起效率下降的主要原因。據此，筆者建議提高中藥工業企業的創新資源配置能力，結合規模報酬調整研發投入比例;明確以科技創新為核心驅動力的發展原則，積極開展基礎研究性工作;落實“中藥工業企業-中醫藥研究機構”產研平臺，推動行業整體技術進步。

關鍵詞 全要素;創新資源使用效率;中藥工業企業;數據包絡分析模型;Malmquist指數

Research on the Utilization Efficiency of Innovative Resources and Its Change Decomposition of Listed TCM Industrial Enterprises from the Perspective of Total Factors

HU Mengchao，LIU Wei，LI Lei，BAI Xingchi，YIN Xinxin，HONG Feng，GENG Dongmei（School of Management， Beijing University of TCM， Beijing 102488， China）

ABSTRACT ? OBJECTIVE： To provide effective improvement paths and policy suggestions for improving the innovation efficiency of TCM industrial enterprises. METHODS： Based on the input and output data of innovation resources of 38 listed TCM industrial enterprises from 2014 to 2020， an evaluation index system was constructed from the perspective of all factors. First， the deta envelopment analysis （DEA） model was used to measure the static efficiency of the sample enterprises， and at the same time， four patterns of innovative resource utilization were provided; then the total factor Malmquist index method was used to analyze the decomposition of the changes in utilization efficiency of innovative resources according to different periods and micro-individuals. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS： The overall efficiency of innovative resource utilization of listed TCM industrial enterprises was too low， and the average overall efficiency was only 0.293. The input and output of innovation resources of 33 enterprises were unreasonable， and the reasons for the inefficiency are mostly due to insufficient pure technical efficiency. The average value of the all-factor Malmquist index was 0.818 for 38 sample enterprises， and the overall efficiency was declining. The obstacles to technological progress were a more important reason for the decline in efficiency. It is recommended to improve TCM industrial enterprises ability to allocate innovation resources and adjust the proportion of R&D investment in conjunction with the return to scale; clarify the development principles with scientific and technological innovation as the core driving force， and actively carry out basic research work; implement the production and research platform of “TCM industrial enterprise-TCM research institution” to promote the overall technological progress of the industry.