Tips on How to Study Smarter,Not Longer如何更聰明地學習而不花更長時間（二）

Kathiann Kowalski

景一編譯

Use pictures.

Pay attention to diagrams 1 and graphs 2 in yourclass materials. Those pictures can really boost 3your memory of these materials. And if there aren'tpictures， creating them can be really， really useful.

These visual 4 representations 5 help you createmore complete mental models.

In one study back in 2003. students who sawthe drawings did better on a test than those who gotonly the text information.

使用圖畫。

要注意課程材料中的圖表。這些圖表確實能促進你對這些材料的記憶。如果沒有圖表，自己創作圖表可能真的非常有用。

這些可視化的表示形式有助于你創建更完整的心理模型。

在2003年的一項研究中，看過圖畫的學生在考試中比那些只得到文本信息的學生做得更好。

Dig deeper.

It's hard to remember a string of facts andfigures if you don't push further. Ask why things area certain way. How did they come about'？ Why dothey matler'？ In other words. don't just accept facts atface value.

It helps you combine new information with otherthings you know. And it creates a bigger network inyour brain of things that relate to one another. Thelarger network makes it easier to learn and rememberthings.

深入挖掘。

如果你不更進一步思考的話，很難記住一連串的事實和數字。要問問自己為什么事情是這個樣子的。它們是怎么來的？它們為什么重要？換句話說，不要僅僅接受表面上的事實。

這會幫助你將新信息與你所知道的其他事情結合起來。它會在你的大腦中創造一個相互關聯的事物的更大網絡。這個更大的網絡會使學習和記憶事物變得更容易。

Find examples.

Abstract6 concepts can be hard to understand.It tends to be far easier to form a mental image ifyou have a concrete example of something.

In fact， it helps to have at least two examplesif you want to understand something new.

找例子。

抽象的概念可能很難理解。如果你有一個具體的例子，形成一個心理印象往往要容易得多。

事實上，找到至少兩個例子有助于你理解新的東西。

Make a plan and stick to it.

Many students know they should space outstudy periods， quiz themselves and practice othergood skills. yet many don't actually do thosethings. Often， they fail to plan ahead.

If you have a study plan. stick to it！ Evenwhen you do make plans， something more enticing 7may come up. Studying has to become a priority 8.

Try to stick to a routine. too. Have a set timeand place where you do homework and studying. Itmay seem odd at first. But， by the time week tworolls around， it becomes a normal thing.

Allow yourself short breaks. Study with nodistractions 9. And take a 5 0r 10 minute breakafter a period of studying .

制定計劃并堅持下去。

許多學生知道他們應該分段學習，進行自我測試和練習其他好的技能。然而，許多人實際上并沒有做這些事情。他們往往沒有提前計劃。

如果你有學習計劃，就堅持下去！即使你確實制定了計劃，也可能會出現更誘人的東西。學習必須成為優先事項。

試著堅持形成慣例。找一個固定的時間和地點做作業和學習。一開始也許會讓你覺得奇怪。但是，到了第二周，它就變成了一件正常的事情。

要允許自己有短暫的休息。學習時不要分心。在一段時間的學習后，休息5至10分鐘。

Be kind to yourself.

Try to stick to a regular routine. And getenough sleep-not just the night before the testbut for weeks or months on end. Exercise helps aswell.

Don't be too stressful. Remember yourteachers and classmates also face challenges. Likeyou， they have fears， concerns and questions. Andbe kind to yourself. And if you need help， ask.

要善待自己。

試著堅持一種有規律的日常生活，并且要有足夠的睡眠——不只是在考試的前一天晚上，要持續幾周或幾個月。鍛煉也很有幫助。

不要有太大壓力。請記住，你的老師和同學也會面臨挑戰。和你一樣，他們也有恐懼、擔憂和疑問。要善待自己。如果你需要幫助，要去求助。

（英語原文選自：sclenCenewsforstudents.org）

1.diagram [?da???ɡr?m] n.圖表

2.graph [ɡrɑ?f]n.圖表

3.boost[bu?st]v.促進;增加

4.visual[?v??u?l] adj.視覺的

5.representation [?repr?zen?te???n] n.表現;表示法

6.abstract[??bstr?kt]adj.抽象的

7.enticing [?n?ta?s??]adj.有誘惑力的

8.priority[pra???r?t?] n，優先;優先考慮的事

9.discraction [d??str?k??n] n.分心的事物