GT3住宅

建設單位：個人

項目地點：西班牙馬德里

設計單位：BOJAUS 建筑師事務所

場地面積：900 平方米

建筑面積：800 平方米

攝影：BOJAUS

Client:Private

Location:Madrid,Spain

Architect:BOJAUS

Site Area:900 m2

Building Area:800 m2

Photography:BOJAUS

GT3 住宅是在一種混合住宅類型中進行重復和擴展的方法。我們嘗試將兩種住宅類型的優點結合在一起：集合住宅的聚合感和社區性，以及獨立住房的獨立性和自治性。該住宅地處馬德里近郊，法規要求這里的住宅必須是獨立或聯排形式。我們則在不增加聯排住宅建設量的前提下發展出一種復合的住宅形式。

GT3 中的三戶分別居住于相互堆疊三層中，如此形成了豎向聯排形式而非傳統意義的水平形式。每戶都擁有等效的占地面積。每一層相較于較低層都有90 度的旋轉和3.5 米的退臺，因此GT3 也可以看作是同一類型住宅沿高度方向的重復操作。這種方式為每層住戶在建筑的不同方向上釋放出一個花園露臺的室外空間。

GT3 住宅的混凝土墻板在現場澆筑，不需要內柱支撐，因此每層都有13x13 米的自由平面。懸挑梁將每層分為三個區域，鋪設25cm 厚的混凝土樓板。位于平面中心的較小區域包含服務設施。其它兩個區域朝向外側：臥室布置在東北或西北方向，公共功能和開場區域則布置在東南西南方向。

每層的隔墻與懸挑梁相互作用，使整個建筑結構如同紙牌屋一樣。同時我們將豎向交通核分解，使樓梯獨立于電梯通往各層，由每層露臺進入各戶。

The GT3 houses are considered as an exercise of repetition and stacking of houses in a hybrid block that tries to bring together the best of two types of housing:the density and the community of the block,on the one hand,and the independence and autonomy of the isolated housing,for other.The project is developed in an area of Madrid where the regulations define that the building typology must be an isolated single-family house or in a row.However,it is possible to propose this collective housing scheme with the condition of not increasing the buildable area resulting from the corresponding row houses project.

The three houses are therefore stacked one on top of the other,inverting the scheme in a row and proposing stacking vertically,instead of the row of houses attached horizontally.Each of them thus occupies the entire floor of the building,developing the housing program on a single floor,compared to the type of row house that must be developed on 3 floors(4 counting the basement).It is a repetition in height of the same type of house that thanks to a 90 degree turn of each floor with respect to the lower one and a displacement of 3.50m.it frees an outdoor space that is used as a terrace-garden,alternating in each of the plants so that one does not overturn directly on the one immediately below.

The structure of the building,made of concrete slabs and walls made in situ,manages to be solved without pillars or intermediate supports.In this way,free floors of 13x13m are achieved,since the reinforced concrete walls,which function as a facade,cover the light in a natural way,functioning as deep beams (3m).A second order of hanging beams divides the plant into 3 bands allowing the lights to be covered directly with 25cm thick slabs.The smaller intermediate zone contains all the services and facilities of the house,with the other two bands facing the outside.In them,the bedrooms facing northeast and northwest will be located on the one hand and on the other the more public and open areas where open areas of kitchens and living rooms oriented to the southeast and southwest are developed.

The concrete walls are counterbalanced,bracing each floor with the alternate ones so that the structure is stable like a house of cards.At the same time it is ensured that the upper house does not tip over the lower one directly.The vertical core of communications breaks down.The staircase goes up from the outside,independently of the elevator and the accesses to the houses are made through the terraces generated on each floor.

分解示意圖 Decomposition diagram

實體模型 Entity model

實體模型 Entity model

實體模型 Entity model

形態生成演示圖 Demonstration of morphogenesis