華盛頓特區(qū)城市中心

業(yè)主單位：Hines / Archstone-Smith

項(xiàng)目地點(diǎn)：美國(guó)華盛頓特區(qū)

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：福斯特建筑事務(wù)所

合作單位：Shalom Baranes 聯(lián)合公司

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)：Offices — Thornton Tomasetti;Condominiums — SK&A

機(jī)電設(shè)計(jì)：Tolk

景觀設(shè)計(jì)：GGN

設(shè)計(jì)/建造：2006 / 2014 年

攝影：Nigel Young / 福斯特建筑事務(wù)所

Client: Hines / Archstone-Smith

Location: Washington DC, USA

Architectural Design: Foster + Partners

Collaborating Architect: Shalom Baranes Associates

Structural Engineers: Offices - Thornton Tomasetti; Condominiums - SK&A

Mechanical Engineers: Tolk

Landscape Architect: GGN

Design / Completion: 2006 / 2014

Photography: Nigel Young / Foster + Partners

前華盛頓會(huì)議中心占地10 英畝，位于華盛頓市中心東端的戰(zhàn)略要地，與紐約大道的主要城市軸線接壤，可以看到白宮。該市中心之前被一個(gè)單一且巨大的建筑物所包圍，現(xiàn)在，依照福斯特建筑事務(wù)所的總體規(guī)劃，將場(chǎng)地劃分為幾塊較小的步行街區(qū)，在市中心各個(gè)社區(qū)之間架起了新連接：北面是以住宅區(qū)為主的歷史街區(qū)，南面則以開發(fā)商業(yè)寫字樓為主。該方案靈感來自于歐洲的街道模式，打破了現(xiàn)有的網(wǎng)格系統(tǒng)，恢復(fù)并擴(kuò)展了18 世紀(jì)街區(qū)之間的原有小巷。大道綠樹成蔭，配以經(jīng)典的華盛頓“環(huán)球”路燈，重新種植了本土綠植后，與周圍社區(qū)完美融合。

福斯特建筑事務(wù)所在這個(gè)多功能規(guī)劃中設(shè)計(jì)了四棟建筑，集辦公室、公寓、餐廳和商店功能于一體。建筑的設(shè)計(jì)是人性化的，與周邊地區(qū)的宏偉規(guī)模形成鮮明對(duì)比，建筑從十層樓高的地方逐步下移，形成了一個(gè)中央廣場(chǎng)，街道和小路在這里交匯，變?yōu)槌鞘薪裹c(diǎn)。通往廣場(chǎng)的通道像一個(gè)玻璃“珠寶盒”，內(nèi)有兩部電梯，是該規(guī)劃的一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)地標(biāo)。通道的墻上和樓板底面都安裝有一臺(tái)大型LED 設(shè)施，從而進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)展了公共領(lǐng)域，場(chǎng)地西北角的公園里設(shè)有景觀游泳池和噴泉，對(duì)角線道路貫穿其中，與整個(gè)項(xiàng)目的小巷模式相呼應(yīng)。

該規(guī)劃具有高密度、綜合性的特點(diǎn)，旨在將所有物體聚集在一起，創(chuàng)造一個(gè)低碳且對(duì)行人友好的街區(qū)。在獲得LEED 黃金級(jí)認(rèn)證后，景觀、辦公和公寓樓根據(jù)太陽(yáng)方位定向，并采用綠色屋頂來吸收水分進(jìn)行循環(huán)利用——該規(guī)劃的目標(biāo)是回收100%現(xiàn)場(chǎng)使用的水。許多公寓都設(shè)有寬敞的陽(yáng)臺(tái)和露臺(tái)，均由凱瑟琳·古斯塔夫森（Kathryn Gustafson）單獨(dú)設(shè)計(jì)，以日光最大化和被動(dòng)式環(huán)境效益為導(dǎo)向。值得注意的是，該項(xiàng)目從一開始就注重利用工作室綜合團(tuán)隊(duì)的技能，其中包括工程師、項(xiàng)目管理人員和設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)的技能。

The 10-acre site of the former Washington Convention Center occupies a strategic position in the East End of downtown Washington, bordering the main city axis of New York Avenue with views towards the White House. Previously enclosed by a single, vast structure, Foster + Partners masterplan breaks the site down into smaller, pedestrian blocks that bridge new connections between diverse downtown communities: the historic and predominantly residential neighbourhoods to the north, and the mainly commercial office developments to the south. Drawing inspiration from European street patterns, which break the existing grid system, the scheme reinstates and expands the original 18th century alleyways that run between the blocks. The tree-lined avenues, complete with classic Washington ‘globe’ street lights, are re-planted with local species to integrate seamlessly with the surrounding neighbourhood.

Foster + Partners has designed four buildings within the mixed-use scheme, which brings together offices, condominiums, restaurants and shops. Designed to be human-scaled in contrast with the imposing scale that characterises the surrounding area, the buildings step down from ten storeys at the perimeter of the site to frame a central plaza, a civic focus where the streets and pathways converge. The gateway to the plaza is a glass ‘jewel box’ containing two elevators, which provides a kinetic landmark for the scheme. The gateway features a dramatic large-scale LED installation on the walls and soffit. Further extending the public realm, a park in the north-west corner of the site includes a landscaped pool and fountains, and is intersected by diagonal pathways, which echo the pattern of alleyways through the development.

The high-density, mixed-use scheme is designed to bring everything together, creating a low-carbon,pedestrian friendly quarter. Having achieved a LEED gold rating, the landscape, office and apartment buildings are oriented according to the pattern of the sun and incorporate green roofs to absorb water for recycling - the scheme aims to recycle 100 percent of the water used on site. Many of the apartments feature generous balconies and terraces, which are individually designed by Kathryn Gustafson, and are oriented to maximize daylight and passive environmental benefits.Significantly, the project has drawn on the skills of the studio’s integrated team, involving engineers, project management and design groups from the outset.