城市數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型給軌道交通帶來的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)

汪小勇

(卡斯柯信號(hào)有限公司，技術(shù)總監(jiān))

人類社會(huì)進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以來，通信信息技術(shù)得到了快速發(fā)展，世界正被不斷數(shù)字化，物理空間和數(shù)字空間的聯(lián)接越來越密切且相互作用力越來越大。城市作為承載現(xiàn)代文明的主體，在數(shù)字化浪潮中轉(zhuǎn)型，變得更加綠色、宜居、智能，已成為全球的共識(shí)。2020年底，上海市公布的《關(guān)于全面推進(jìn)上海城市數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型的意見》中明確提出“要統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)、生活、治理的全面數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型，到2025年形成國際數(shù)字之都的基本框架”。在這一過程中，軌道交通作為公共交通的骨干，是城市數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型的重要參與者和獲益者。

城市數(shù)字化整體轉(zhuǎn)型將激活數(shù)據(jù)全要素動(dòng)能，破除數(shù)據(jù)壁壘，為建立軌道交通建設(shè)運(yùn)營決策模型并獲取最優(yōu)解奠定基礎(chǔ)。通過對(duì)融合各式交通和熱點(diǎn)區(qū)域的客流數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行時(shí)空分布趨勢(shì)的分析和預(yù)測(cè)，實(shí)現(xiàn)以“客流與車流匹配、精準(zhǔn)投放運(yùn)力”為目標(biāo)的智能調(diào)度運(yùn)營。城市數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型將加快數(shù)字基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，新技術(shù)的廣泛應(yīng)用將促進(jìn)軌道交通技術(shù)裝備的智能化升級(jí)，在BIM(建筑信息模型)的基礎(chǔ)上實(shí)現(xiàn)設(shè)備狀態(tài)在數(shù)字空間的同步推演，促進(jìn)智能運(yùn)維系統(tǒng)更經(jīng)濟(jì)有效地進(jìn)行設(shè)備全壽命周期的健康度管理，增強(qiáng)軌道交通運(yùn)營可靠度和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)知能力，降低維護(hù)成本。

軌道交通作為城市數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型的參與者，其運(yùn)營效率和服務(wù)質(zhì)量的提升將成為重要衡量指標(biāo)。一方面，在城市土地供給受限條件下，利用數(shù)字資源挖掘線路、車輛、車站、場(chǎng)段等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的潛力，以更高效能的運(yùn)控系統(tǒng)增加運(yùn)能、縮短行車間隔、提高運(yùn)行速度及運(yùn)營效率。另一方面，充分利用數(shù)字空間的優(yōu)勢(shì)來解決實(shí)體車站空間的受限問題，實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)字空間和實(shí)體車站的有機(jī)融合，以智能車站拓展乘客服務(wù)邊界，讓乘客隨時(shí)隨地都能了解車次和客流，利用泛在感知信息、大數(shù)據(jù)和可信計(jì)算，實(shí)現(xiàn)安檢、防疫以及票務(wù)全程智能處理，達(dá)成乘客無感進(jìn)出站的目標(biāo)，將有效縮短乘客在車站的滯留時(shí)間，提高車站利用率和服務(wù)質(zhì)量。

綜上所述，城市數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型給軌道交通的智能化升級(jí)迭代帶來了機(jī)遇，同時(shí)也面臨著數(shù)字化對(duì)效率和質(zhì)量要求更高的挑戰(zhàn)，兩者相輔相成。軌道交通的智能化將有力推進(jìn)城市治理和市民滿意度的提升。由此，軌道交通應(yīng)充分利用數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型契機(jī)，在資源約束的條件下努力提高運(yùn)營效率和服務(wù)質(zhì)量，積極應(yīng)對(duì)數(shù)字空間網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全和數(shù)據(jù)治理等方面的挑戰(zhàn)，推動(dòng)城市文明的發(fā)展。

Commentary

Opportunities and Challenges for Rail Transit in the Process of Urban Digital Transformation

WANGXiaoyong

(Technical Director of CASCO Signal Ltd.)

Since entering 21st century, communication and information technology has been developing rapidly, and digitalization of the real world accelerated, while the connection between real space and digital space is getting closer and the interaction force is increasing. Since city is the main body of modern civilization, it has become a global consensus to develop green, livable, and smart cities in the wave of digitalization. The "Opinions on Comprehensively Promoting Shanghai’s Urban Digital Transformation" announced by Shanghai at the end of 2020 clearly stated to coordinate the promotion of a comprehensive digital transformation of economy, life, and governance, and to form the basic framework of an international digital capital by 2025. As the backbone of public transportation system, rail transit is a key participant and beneficiary of urban digital transformation in this process.

The overall transformation of urban digitalization will activate the power of data, break down the data barriers, and lay a foundation for establishing a rail transit construction and operation decision-making model and obtaining optimal solutions. Integrating passenger flow data from various traffic and hotspot areas to analyze and predict temporal and spatial distribution trends can realize intelligent dispatch operations and accurate delivery of capacity with the goal of "matching passenger flow and train flow". The digital transformation of cities will accelerate the construction of digital infrastructure, and the widespread application of new technologies has promoted the intelligent upgrade of rail transit technology and equipment. Based on the BIM model, the synchronization and prediction of the equipment status in the digital space can be realized, and the intelligent O&M system is promoted to manage PHM of the equipment throughout whole life cycle more cost-effectively, enhancing the reliability of rail transit operations and the ability to predict risks, while reducing maintenance costs.

As a participant during urban digital transformation, the improvement of the operational efficiency and service quality of rail transit will be key performance indicator of urban digital transformation. On one hand, under the limitation of land supply, digital resources contribute to tap the potential of infrastructure such as rails, trains, stations, depot and yard, and a more efficient train control system is used to increase capacity, to shorten headway, to increase travelling speed, and to improve operational efficiency of rail transit. On the other hand, the advantages of digital space are fully considered to solve the problem of limited space in physical stations, to achieve organic mergence of the digital space and physical stations, expanding passenger service boundaries with smart stations, so that passengers can obtain sufficient information about train trip and passenger flow anywhere and anytime. Ubiquitous perception information, big data, and trusted computing are used in the process of entering the station to realize the intelligent processing of security checks, epidemic prevention, and ticketing. It improves the quality of service while shortening the time of passengers staying in the station and increasing the utilization rate of the station.

The transformation of urban digitalization is bringing opportunities to the intelligent evolution of rail transit, and it is requiring rail transit to be more efficient and higher quality. The intelligent rail transit further promotes improvement of urban governance and citizen satisfaction, and they complement each other. To this end, rail transit should make full use of the opportunity of digital transformation to improve operational efficiency and service quality under resource-constrained conditions, while actively responding to challenges such as cyber security and data governance, and advocate the development of urban civilization.