廣東 黃園園

受喜歡研究炸藥的父親影響，諾貝爾從小就表現出頑強勇敢的性格。 他經常和父親一起去做炸藥試驗，幾乎是在轟隆轟隆的爆炸聲中度過了童年。

體裁文章詞數 建議用時約3877分鐘人物傳記

難詞探意

1. venture /?vent??(r)/ n. 經營項目

2. introverted /??ntr?vз?t?d/ adj. 內向的

3. vagabond /?v?ɡ?b?nd/ n. 漂泊者

4. intensively /?n?tens?vl?/ adv. 集中地

Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm on 21 October, 1833.His father, Immanuel Nobel, was an engineer and inventor who built bridges and buildings in Stockholm. Alfred's mother,Andriette Ahlsell, came from a wealthy family.

Successful in his industrial and business ventures,Immanuel Nobel was able, in 1842, to bring his family to St.Petersburg. There, his sons were given the first-class education by private teachers. The training included natural sciences,languages and literature. By the age of 17, Alfred Nobel was fluent in Swedish, Russian, French, English and German. His primary interests were in English literature and poetry as well as in chemistry and physics. Alfred's father, who wanted his sons to join his enterprise as engineers,disliked Alfred's interest in poetry and found his son rather introverted.

In order to widen Alfred's horizons, his father sent him abroad for further training in chemical engineering. During a two-year period, Alfred Nobel visited Sweden, Germany, France and the United States. In Paris, he worked in the private laboratory of Professor T. J. Pelouze, a famous chemist.There he met the young Italian chemist Ascanio Sobrero who, three years earlier, had invented nitroglycerine (硝化甘油), a highly explosive liquid.

Alfred Nobel became very interested in nitroglycerine and how it could be put to practical use in construction work. He also realized that the safety problems had to be solved and a method had to be developed. Together with his father, he performed experiments to develop nitroglycerine as a commercially and technically useful explosive.

Over the years, Alfred Nobel founded factories and laboratories in some 90 different places in more than 20 countries. Although he lived in Paris much of his life, he was constantly traveling. Victor Hugo at one time described him as “Europe's richest vagabond”. When he was not traveling or engaging in business activities, Nobel himself worked intensively in his various laboratories. He focused on the development of explosives technology as well as other chemical inventions. By the time of his death in 1896, he had 355 patents.

Alfred Nobel died in Sanremo, Italy, on 10 December, 1896. When his will was opened, it came as a surprise that his fortune was to be used for Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine,Literature and Peace.

1. What can we know about Immanuel Nobel?

A. He showed great interest in poetry.

B. He was particular about his sons' behavior.

C. He taught his sons natural sciences and languages.

D. He attached great importance to his sons' education.

2. What did Immanuel Nobel expect Alfred Nobel to be?

A. A doctor. B. An engineer.

C. A writer. D. A chemist.

3. Who invented nitroglycerine?

A. Alfred Nobel. B. Andriette Ahlsell.

C. Ascanio Sobrero. D. T. J. Pelouze.

4. How many prizes was Alfred Nobel's fortune used for according to the text?

A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.

Difficult sentence

There he met the young Italian chemist Ascanio Sobrero who, three years earlier, had invented nitroglycerine, a highly explosive liquid. 在那里，他遇到了年輕的意大利化學家Ascanio Sobrero，三年前，他發明了硝化甘油，一種高度爆炸性的液體。

【點石成金】該句中who引導一個定語從句，Ascanio Sobrero為先行詞，three years earlier為定語從句中的插入語，起解釋說明的作用，將它刪掉之后，句子結構依然完整。

關于諾貝爾獎

阿爾弗雷德·伯恩哈德·諾貝爾(Alfred Bernhard Nobel)1833年10月21日出生于瑞典的斯德哥爾摩，是杰出的化學家、工程師、發明家、企業家。 他一生共獲得技術發明專利355項，其中用硝化甘油制作炸藥的發明最為聞名，他不僅從事研究發明，而且進行工業實踐，興辦實業，積累了大量財富。

諾貝爾逝世后，根據他的遺囑，瑞典有關機構于1900年6月29日專門成立了諾貝爾基金會，并由其董事會管理和發放獎金。 1901年，諾貝爾獎創立并舉行第一次頒獎儀式，諾貝爾獎分設物理學、化學、生理學或醫學、文學、和平五個獎項。 1968年新設諾貝爾經濟學獎。