?施氮量、種植密度、留葉數(shù)對(duì)烤煙農(nóng)藝性狀及產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響

魏光鈺 李鑫 胡勇 吳永琴 張清壯

摘 要：為了探索適宜清鎮(zhèn)煙區(qū)烤煙的最佳栽培技術(shù)，采用L9（34）正交試驗(yàn)研究了施氮量、種植密度、留葉數(shù)對(duì)烤煙農(nóng)藝性狀、經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀和化學(xué)品質(zhì)的影響。結(jié)果表明：當(dāng)施氮量為90～120 kg/hm2、種植密度為13 890～18 195 株/hm2，留葉數(shù)為16～20片/株時(shí)，各因素對(duì)產(chǎn)量的影響排序?yàn)槭┑?種植密度>留葉數(shù);種植密度對(duì)最大葉長(zhǎng)、最大葉寬和最大葉面積有著顯著影響，隨著種植密度的增大，各項(xiàng)農(nóng)藝性狀呈下降趨勢(shì);施氮量對(duì)烤煙的經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀有著顯著的影響，在105 kg/hm2的中等施氮水平下，烤煙的產(chǎn)量、產(chǎn)值、均價(jià)、上等煙比例均最高，且烤煙化學(xué)成分處于最佳狀態(tài)。綜合來(lái)看，在清鎮(zhèn)煙區(qū)，施氮量、種植密度、留葉數(shù)的不同組合顯著影響烤煙的經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀，以105 kg/hm2的施氮水平+16 680株/hm2的種植密度+20片/株的留葉數(shù)處理組合最有利于產(chǎn)量、產(chǎn)值的形成，均價(jià)和上等煙比例達(dá)到較佳水平，建議在生產(chǎn)中進(jìn)行示范應(yīng)用和推廣。

關(guān)鍵詞：烤煙;施氮量;種植密度;留葉數(shù);農(nóng)藝性狀;經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀;化學(xué)品質(zhì)

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)：S318文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A文章編號(hào)：1006-060X（2020）10-0042-04

Abstract： In order to find out the best cultivation technology of flue-cured tobacco in Qingzhen tobacco growing area， the effects of nitrogen application rate， planting density and remained leaf number on agronomic， economic and chemical characters and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied by L9（34） orthogonal design. The results showed that： when the nitrogen application rate was 90 ～ 120 kg/hm2， the planting density was 13 890 ～ 18 195 plants/hm2， and the number of leaves remained was 16 ～ 20 leaves/plant， the order of the influence factors on yield was nitrogen application rate > planting density >remained leaf number; planting density had significant effects on the maximum leaf length， maximum leaf width and maximum leaf area， with the increase of planting density， the agronomic traits decreased; the amount of nitrogen fertilizer had a significant effect on the economic characters of flue-cured tobacco， under the medium nitrogen level of 105 kg/hm2， the yield， output value， average price and proportion of superior tobacco were the highest， and the chemical components of flue-cured tobacco were in the best state.? In a word， in Qingzhen tobacco growing area， different combinations of nitrogen application rate， planting density and number of remained leaves significantly affected the economic characters of flue-cured tobacco. The combination of 105 kg/hm2 nitrogen application level + 16 680 plants/hm2 planting density + 20 leaves/plant remained leaves was the most favorable treatment for yield， output value， average price and the proportion of superior tobacco reaching a better level， which is recommended to be carried out in production.

Key words： flue-cured tobacco; nitrogen application rate; planting density; remained leaf number; agronomic characters; economic characters; chemical quality

煙葉產(chǎn)質(zhì)量受烤煙生態(tài)環(huán)境、遺傳特性、栽培措施和烘烤技術(shù)等因素影響，在生態(tài)環(huán)境、烤煙品種等因素一致時(shí)，栽培措施對(duì)烤煙的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和產(chǎn)質(zhì)量起決定作用[1-2]。大田種植時(shí)期，烤煙個(gè)體與群體的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育需要合理的栽培技術(shù)加以調(diào)控。許多研究表明，適宜的施氮量和種植密度是生產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉的前提[3-5]。氮素是煙草生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和品質(zhì)形成的主要營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素，氮素不足時(shí)煙株生長(zhǎng)受抑制，但供應(yīng)過(guò)量時(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致煙株徒長(zhǎng)、貪青晚熟，影響烤后煙葉品質(zhì)[6-7]。種植密度……