?徐州地區(qū)秋季栽培結(jié)球甘藍(lán)品種篩選?

劉燦玉 樊繼德 陸信娟 趙永強(qiáng) 張碧薇 臧鳳滿 楊峰

摘 要：為豐富徐州地區(qū)優(yōu)質(zhì)高產(chǎn)結(jié)球甘藍(lán)的品種資源，引進(jìn)示范了28個結(jié)球甘藍(lán)品種，并通過調(diào)查其農(nóng)藝性狀及葉球特征特性進(jìn)行品種篩選試驗。結(jié)果表明：28個品種農(nóng)藝性狀主要區(qū)別在于葉球形狀，而外葉形狀主要以寬倒卵圓形和圓形為主，株高、開展度等農(nóng)藝性狀僅324和327品種顯著高于其他品種;品種間葉球特征差異較大，單球重在0.42～0.89 kg，產(chǎn)量在1 160.87～3 601.06 kg/667m2。綜合分析，在28個甘藍(lán)品種中，353、356、364及154的葉球緊實，結(jié)球率高，產(chǎn)量高，但356和154易裂球，影響其商品性，而353品種耐裂球，綜合性狀表現(xiàn)較優(yōu)，適宜徐州本地種植，364品種綜合表現(xiàn)次之，亦可作為潛在的引進(jìn)品種資源。

關(guān)鍵詞：結(jié)球甘藍(lán);農(nóng)藝性狀;葉球特征;品種篩選;徐州地區(qū)

中圖分類號：S635.1文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼：A文章編號：1006-060X（2020）10-0021-03

Abstract： In order to enrich the variety resources of high quality and high yield heading cabbage （Brassica oleracea var. capitata） in Xuzhou area， 28 cabbage varieties were introduced to demonstration cultivation， and their agronomic traits and leafy head characteristics were investigated for variety screening test. The results showed that the main difference of agronomic traits among the 28 varieties was the leafy head shape， while the outer leaf was mainly wide-obovate or round shape. Only the varieties 324 and 327 were significantly higher than other varieties in plant height and expansion degree. There were significant differences in leafy head characteristics among these varieties. The weight of single leafy head ranged from 0.42 kg to 0.89 kg， and the yield ranged from 17 413.05 kg/hm2 to 54 015.9 kg/hm2. Comprehensive analyses show that among the 28 cabbage varieties， 353， 356， 364 and 154 have compact leafy heads， high heading rates?and high yields， but 356 and 154 are easy to crack， which may affect their commercial property; 353 is resistant to cracking and of better comprehensive characters， suitable for local planting in Xuzhou， followed by 364 which could be a potential variety resource to be introduced.

Key words： cabbage （Brassica oleracea var. capitata）; agronomic traits; leafy head characteristics; variety selection; Xuzhou area

結(jié)球甘藍(lán)（Brassica oleracea var. capitata）又名圓白菜、包菜、卷心菜等，為十字花科蕓薹屬的一個變種[1]，其作為我國主要蔬菜作物之一，在全國各地普遍種植，在蔬菜周年供應(yīng)和出口貿(mào)易中均占有重要地位[2]，尤其是秋甘藍(lán)對補(bǔ)充淡季蔬菜供應(yīng)，增加市場蔬菜種類具有重要意義。徐州市位于華北平原東南部，以平原為主，為篩選出適宜徐州當(dāng)?shù)胤N植的優(yōu)質(zhì)高產(chǎn)甘藍(lán)品種，豐富徐州地區(qū)結(jié)球甘藍(lán)的品種資源，特引進(jìn)28個結(jié)球甘藍(lán)品種進(jìn)行比較試驗，調(diào)查其農(nóng)藝性狀，分析其綜合性狀，以期為甘藍(lán)新品種的推廣應(yīng)用提供參考。

1 材料與方法

1.1 試驗設(shè)計

試驗在徐州農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究所試驗示范基地進(jìn)行。……