


摘 要:為篩選出適宜在西藏河谷農區種植的油菜新品種,2018—2019年度,對10個甘藍型油菜品種(系)和2個白菜型油菜品種(系)的生育期、農藝性狀和產量進行評價和分析。結果表明:西藏自治區農業研究所提供的126097-2全生育期151 d,株高151.6 cm,分枝數5.0個,角果密度1.48個/cm,單株角果數215.4個,每果粒數24.0個,千粒重4.12 g,單株產量13.26 g,折合產量為2 682.90 kg/hm2,比對照增產13.95%,田間長勢整齊一致;日喀則市農業科學研究所提供的04306全生育期151 d,株高161.7 cm,分枝數5.1個,角果密度1.27個/cm,單株角果數229.9個,每果粒數26.0個,千粒重3.94 g,單株產量13.19 g,折合產量為2 640.75 kg/hm2,比對照增產12.15%,田間長勢好。這2個品種油菜適宜在西藏河谷農區種植。
關鍵詞:油菜;新品種;比較試驗;西藏
中圖分類號:S565.4文獻標識碼:A文章編號:1006-060X(2020)10-0017-04
Abstract: To screen out new rape varieties suitable for planting in the river valley of Tibet, the growth periods, agronomic traits and yields of 10 Brassica napus varieties (lines) and 2 Brassica rapa varieties (lines) were evaluated and analyzed in 2018-2019. The results showed that 126097-2 had a 151 d whole growth duration, 151.6 cm plant height, 5.0 branch number, 1.48 /cm silique density, 215.4 siliques per plant, 24.0 seeds per silique, 4.12 g 1000-grain weight, 13.26 g yield per plant (equivalent to 2 682.90 kg/hm2 with an increase of 13.95% over the control), and uniform field growth; 04306 had a 151 d whole growth duration, 161.7 cm plant height, 5.1 branch number, 1.27/cm silique density, 229.9 siliques per plant, 26.0 seeds per silique, 3.94 g 1000-grain weight, 13.19 g yield per plant (equivalent to 2 640.75 kg/hm2 with an increase of 12.15% over the control), and good field growth. These two rape varieties are suitable for the agricultural area of the river valley of Tibet.
Key words: rape; new variety; comparative experiment; Tibet
西藏是典型的高海拔低緯度地區,油菜生境復雜多樣,遺傳資源豐富而獨特[1-2]。油菜作為西藏自治區主要油料作物,種植面積約有3.2萬hm2,主要集中在西藏河谷農區。目前西藏地區食用油仍供不應求,無法自給自足[3]。隨著西藏地區種植業結構的調整,油菜生產在全區得到了高度重視,油菜播種面積逐年增加,優質油菜推廣力度不斷加大[4-6],但從全區總體水平看油菜主栽品種仍以農家品種和部分退化嚴重的良種為主,生產栽培技術落后,單位面積產量不高。為了篩選出適宜該區種植的油菜新品種,筆者在2018—2019年度對拉薩、山南、林芝和日喀則提供的10個甘藍型油菜品種(系)和2個白菜型油菜品種(系)進行綜合分析與評價,從中篩選出適應性強、抗性好、產量高的油菜新品種(系)提供給西藏河谷農區種植,同時為油菜新品種的登記提供參考依據。……