陳建娟



【摘 要】 目的:對比在小兒骨科手術全麻中使用喉罩與氣管插管對小兒血流動力學和氣道管理方面的影響,以便提高小兒骨科全麻的安全性。方法:抽取在本院2016年6月至2019年6月行骨科手術患兒50例,隨機分成喉罩組(H組)和氣管插管組(Q組)各25例。兩組采用相同麻醉誘導后,喉罩組置入喉罩進行通氣,氣管插管組插入氣管插管進行通氣,術中維持好麻醉深度。結果:與T0比較,氣管插管組T1、T2時的MAP和HR明顯升高(P<0.05)。喉罩組各時間點數據差異無統計學意義(P>0.05)。氣管插管組拔管后嗆咳、喉痙攣、躁動、咽痛的發生率較喉罩組升高,差異具有統計學意義(P<0.05)。氣管插管組的插管一次成功率較喉罩組高,術中管道移位率較喉罩組低(P<0.05)。結論:在小兒骨科手術全身麻醉中,使用喉罩組的小兒血流動力學影響更小,插管時和拔管后氣道相關并發癥更少,使用氣管插管組的插管一次成功率更高、術中管道移位率更低。
【關鍵詞】 小兒全麻;喉罩;氣管插管
[Abstract] Objective:To compare the effects of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) and endotracheal intubation on hemodynamics and airway management in pediatric orthopaedic surgery under general anesthesia, in order to improve the safety of pediatric orthopaedic general anesthesia. Methods: 50 pediatric patients who underwent orthopedic surgery in our hospital from June 2016 to June 2019 were randomly divided into a laryngeal mask airway group (Group H) and an endotracheal intubation group (group Q), each with 25 patients. After the same anesthesia induction, laryngeal mask airway (LMA) was placed in the two groups, while endotracheal intubation was inserted into the group for ventilation, and the depth of anesthesia was maintained during the operation. Results: Compared with T0, MAP and HR in the endotracheal intubation group were significantly increased at T1 and T2 (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the time point data of the laryngeal mask airway group (P>0.05).The incidence of cough, laryngeal spasm, agitation and pharyngeal pain after extubation in the tracheal intubation group was higher than that in the laryngeal mask airway group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The primary success rate of endotracheal intubation was higher than that of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) group, and the rate of pipe displacement during operation was lower than that of lMA group (P<0.05). Conclusion: During general anesthesia in pediatric orthopaedic surgery, the laryngeal mask airway group had less influence on pediatric hemodynamics, fewer airway related complications during intubation and after extubation, and the endotracheal intubation group had higher primary success rate and lower intraoperative pipeline displacement rate.
[Key words]Pediatric general anesthesia; Laryngeal mask; Endotracheal intubation
對于上肢骨折的患兒,可選擇神經阻滯和全身麻醉。神經阻滯的安全性和有效性已得到證實,但神經阻滯不僅需要患兒的配合,還需要精準的定位,并且需要鎮靜藥來緩解患兒的緊張和焦慮。因此,相較于神經阻滯而言,全身麻醉更舒適和人性化。本院上肢骨折的患兒也首選全身麻醉[1]。全身麻醉可分為氣管插管全麻和喉罩全麻,為了進一步研究二者的利與弊,本院將50例小兒骨科患者隨機均分為喉罩全麻和氣管插管全麻兩組,進行回顧性研究和分析,現報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
抽取在本院2016年6月至2019年6月行骨科手術患兒50例,年齡3~8歲,體質量12~27kg,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ級(術前血尿常規、肝腎功能、胸片、心電圖無明顯異常)。隨機分成喉罩組(H組)和氣管插管組(Q組)各25例。兩組患兒在年齡、體質量、術前各項指標比較差異均無統計學意義(P>0.05)。
1.2 麻醉方法……p>