看中考解析現在完成時（一）

劉素庚

讓我們看一下2019年江蘇常州的一道中考題（用所給單詞的適當形式填空）：Mum， I （ finish）practicing the piano. May I go to play football now？ 原句意為：“媽媽，我（完成）練習鋼琴了。我可以去踢足球嗎？”從題意可知句子中的動詞finish的動作已經完成，所以句子中應用現在完成時。

一、現在完成時的意義

現在完成時指的是動作發生在過去某一時刻并已結束，但該動作對現在產生了影響，與現在情況具有因果關系;或者過去已經開始的動作一直持續到現在，甚至有可能繼續持續下去。例：

He has finished his homework.他已把作業做完了。

He has lived here since 1978.自從1978年以來， 他一直住在這兒。（動作起始于1978年，一直住到現在，可能還要繼續住下去。）

中考試題1：? （2019·廣西·百色）Neither my sister nor I been to Xi’an before.

A. have never B. have ever C. has never D. has ever

剖析：neither...nor... “既不……也不…”，表示雙重否定;它連接兩個主語時，動詞應與后面的主語保持一致，原句意思為“我和我妹妹以前都沒去過西安”，因此應選B。

中考試題2：? （2019·湖北·武漢）I ate some fruit， which I since I was a child， and the vegetables from my garden.

A. have enjoyed B. enjoyed C. enjoy D. had enjoyed

剖析：原句意思是“自從我是個孩子，我就已經吃水果了”，所以應考慮用現在完成時，所以選A。

中考試題3：? （2019·安徽）—It’s ten years since we came here.

—How time flies！ We in China for so long.

A. work B. worked C. will work D. have worked

剖析：原句意思是“——自從我們來到這里，已經十年了。——時光飛逝！我們在中國已經工作了這么長時間了”，所以用現在完成時，應選D。

二、現在完成時的狀語標志

現在完成時與already，yet，before，recently，up to now，so far，never，ever，once等頻度時間狀語連用。例：

Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的鋼筆了嗎？

I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部隊已經待了5年多了。

I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前為止我沒有他的任何消息。

▲already，just，yet區別：

1. yet可用于疑問句和否定句，否定句譯為“還”，疑問句譯為“已經（放在have和has的后面，也可放在句末）”。例：

It’s 11 p.m. and Lin Tao hasn’t finished his homework yet！

現在已經晚上11點了，林濤還沒完成作業。

Your teacher wanted you to call her back. Have you called your teacher yet？

你的老師想讓你回電話，你已經回了嗎？

2. already用于肯定句時，表示“已經”，置于句中或句尾。例：

I have already returned the book.或者 I have returned the book already. 我已經把書歸還了。

already用于疑問句表示“很驚訝”的狀態。例：

Have you had your lunch already？ 你吃了午飯了？

3. Just表示“剛剛”，位于動詞have和過去分詞之間。例：

Bob has just arrived at the party. 鮑勃剛到聚會處。

【再難題我會做】

1.I the History Museum twice. I’ve learned a lot there.

A. visit? ? B. am visiting? ? C. have visited D. will visit

2. William Shakespeare for 400 years， but his works still have great influence today.

A. died? B. was dying? C. has died? D. has been dead

3. —Lucy has to London. How can I get in touch with her？

—Don’t worry. She will phone you as soon as she there.

A. been， will get? ? ? B. been， gets? ? ? ? ? C. gone， will get? ? D. gone， gets

4. I my hometown for a long time. I really miss it.

A. went away from

B. have been away from

C. have left

5. The water dark and dirty. It’s no longer safe to drink.

A. became? ? ? ? ? ? B. has become? ? ? ? ? C. will become? ? ? ? D. was becoming

6. Our team another point！ I’m sure we’ll win the game.

A. will get? B. has got? ? C. is getting? D. was getting

7. —Look at these stamps. I them for five years.

—Wow， they are fantastic.

A. have kept? ? ? ? B. have bought? ? ? ? C. borrowed? ? ? ? ? D. kept

8. —Yunnan is very beautiful. I there last year.

—Yes， I there twice.

A. went， have gone? ? B. went， have been? ? C. have gone， went? D. have been， went

9. The movie for about 5 minutes， so let’s see the next one.

A. has been on B. has started? ? ? ? ? C. started? ? ? ? ? D. began

10. It seems that El Nino some disasters in the world in the past few months.

A. has caused? ? ? B. is causing? ? ? ? ? ? C. will cause? ? ? D. caused

11. —May I speak to Mr. Lee？

—Sorry， he Harbin， he the city for two days.

A. has been to; has been in

B. has gone to; has been to

C. has gone to; has been in

12. This medicine millions of people’s lives since it was put into use.

A. is saving? ? ? ? ? B. will save

C. has saved? ? ? D. had saved

13. It’s nice to see you again. We each other since 2014.

A. won’t see? B. don’t see

C. haven’t seen D. didn’t see

14. My sister English since she was 9 years old. She can talk to foreigners freely.

A. learns? ? ? ? ? ? B. learnt

C. has learnt? ? ? ? D. have learnt

15. —I think our teacher， Mrs. Allen， knows everything.

—I agree. Because she over 2，000 books.

A. read? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. has read

C. reads? ? ? ? ? D. is reading

Keys： 1-5 CDDBB 6-10 BABAA 11-15 CCCCB