趙世初 盧艷麗 田志軍


[摘要] 目的 探討逍遙散加減聯合草酸艾司西酞普蘭對老年腦卒中后抑郁心理及日常生活能力的臨床療效。方法 選擇2018年2月~2019年11月北京市隆福醫院138例老年腦卒中后抑郁患者,按照隨機數字表法將其分為觀察組和對照組,每組各69例。對照組僅采用草酸艾司西酞普蘭治療,觀察組采用逍遙散加減聯合草酸艾司西酞普蘭的中西醫結合治療,經過2個療程(8周)治療后,比較兩組患者抑郁狀態、認知能力及生活能力、社會功能的改善情況。 結果 經過治療后,觀察組漢密爾頓抑郁量表評分低于對照組,差異有統計學意義(P < 0.05)。觀察組簡易智力狀態檢查量表評分、日常生活能力評分指標Barthel指數均高于對照組,差異均有統計學意義(均P < 0.05)。兩組社會功能活動調查問卷評分的比較,差異無統計學意義(P > 0.05)。 結論 對老年腦卒中患者進行逍遙散加減聯合草酸艾司西酞普蘭的中西醫結合治療比單獨使用草酸艾司西酞普蘭更能減輕患者抑郁情緒,改善智力狀態并提升日常生活能力。
[關鍵詞] 逍遙散;草酸艾司西酞普蘭;老年患者;腦卒中;抑郁
[中圖分類號] R743.3 ? ? ? ? ?[文獻標識碼] A ? ? ? ? ?[文章編號] 1673-7210(2020)07(b)-0097-04
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Xiaoyao Powder addition and subtraction combined with Escitalopram Oxalate on depressive psychology and daily life ability in the elderly patients with post-stroke depression. Methods A total of 138 elderly patients with post-stroke depression in Beijing Longfu Hospital from February 2018 to November 2019 were selected and divided into the observation group and the control group according to the random number table method, with 69 patients in each group. The control group was treated with Escitalopram Oxalate only, while the observation group was treated with the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment with Xiaoyao Powder addition and subtraction combined with Escitalopram Oxalate. After two courses (8 weeks) of treatment, the improvement of depression status, cognitive ability, life ability and social function of patients in the two groups were compared. Results After treatment, the Hamilton depression scale score in the observation group was lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The score of mini-mental state examination and the Barthel index of activity daily living in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The comparison of functional activities questionnaire between the two groups showed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). Conclusion The combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment with Xiaoyao Powder addition and subtraction combined with Escitalopram Oxalate in the elderly stroke patients is more effective in alleviating patients′ depression, improving their mental state and enhancing their activity daily living than the single use of Escitalopram Oxalate.
[Key words] Xiaoyao Powder; Escitalopram Oxalate; Elderly patients; Stroke; Depression
3 討論
目前普遍認為,PSD一方面受生物-社會-心理模式影響,因軀體行動障礙、認知能力下降、睡眠障礙等導致生活能力及社會功能降低,繼而在心理上產生應激障礙出現抑郁,研究顯示40%腦卒中患者有嚴重的異常睡眠,常伴發焦慮和抑郁,睡眠障礙是最常見的PSD非特異性癥狀[17],而抑郁狀態又反作用于患者的功能、認知、睡眠等功能的恢復。另一方面來自內源性因素影響,卒中后病灶破壞了去甲腎上腺素(NE)和5-羥色胺(5-HT)神經元及其傳導通路,5-HT或NE之間平衡失調導致抑郁[18],故促進NE、5-HT平衡會改善抑郁狀態,進一步改善遠期功能轉歸[19]。
傳統中醫藥方面,逍遙散源于宋代《太平惠民和劑局方》,能改善患者精神狀態、促進神經功能恢復[20]。其中白芍、當歸、柴胡能柔肝緩急、化痰清熱、養血和血;郁金活血止痛、行氣化瘀;紅花活血通經、祛瘀止痛;香附疏肝解郁、理氣調中;薄荷可疏散郁遏之氣;煨姜可溫中散寒;牡丹皮可清熱涼血、活血化瘀;炒梔子清肝熱痰;茯苓可除濕健脾。諸藥合用,共奏解郁化痰、疏肝理氣、腦竅得開之功效。此方既能疏肝郁、清肝火,又能養血安神、補養肝體[21]。
現代醫學對逍遙散治療PSD也進行了大量研究,丹梔逍遙散聯合針刺療法能增加腦源性神經營養因子(BDNF)和5-HT的表達水平[22],因BDNF紊亂和5-HT減少是PSD發生發展的重要誘因,所以逍遙散加減能在一定程度上改善機體抑郁狀態[23];同時,加用逍遙散后谷氨酸水平下降,而谷氨酸與運動功能、認知能力呈負相關,從而使得運動功能及認知能力顯著改善[24]。
逍遙散對于失眠、運動、認知功能的改善,也能進一步改善患者的抑郁癥狀。有研究顯示逍遙散加減對于肝郁化火的失眠具有顯著效果[25],睡眠好轉又會減少抑郁、焦慮的狀況,改善抑郁癥狀、認知功能、生活能力[26-27]。
本研究結果顯示,逍遙散加減配合草酸艾司西酞普蘭的中西醫結合療法,患者HAMD、MMSE、BI評分相對于單純應用西藥組均有更為顯著的改善,而FAQ評分相對于單純應用西藥組未顯示出明顯優勢,可能因為FAQ評分更偏重于社會適應能力,其影響因素較復雜。
綜上所述,逍遙散加減配合草酸艾司西酞普蘭的中西醫結合療法對于PSD在抑郁狀態、認知功能、生活能力均有明顯改善,可以提高患者的認知水平和日常生活自理能力,并在一定程度上提升患者的工具使用能力,改善生活質量。
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