基于政策文本計算的突發(fā)公共事件下中小企業(yè)扶持政策供需匹配研究

盛東方 尹航

摘 要：[目的/意義]突發(fā)公共事件中的政策需求方，是應(yīng)急管理活動的重要構(gòu)成角色之一。相應(yīng)的政策供給是否與政策需求相匹配，關(guān)系著應(yīng)急管理的成效。政策供需匹配研究拓展了政策文本研究的分析視角，為優(yōu)化應(yīng)急管理政策的科學(xué)設(shè)計，提升突發(fā)公共事件治理的精準(zhǔn)度提供參考。[方法/過程]以新冠肺炎疫情為例，基于主題分布分析和關(guān)鍵詞共現(xiàn)分析兩條路徑，采用融合了主題挖掘、文本分類和共現(xiàn)分析的政策文本計算方法，探究突發(fā)公共事件下中小企業(yè)扶持政策供需匹配問題。[結(jié)果/結(jié)論]金融支持類政策供需較為平衡，信息化征管和稅費優(yōu)惠類政策尚需加強輿論宣傳，政務(wù)服務(wù)和物資保供類政策有待進一步增加政策供給。

關(guān)鍵詞：政策文本計算;政策供需匹配;突發(fā)公共事件;新冠肺炎;中小企業(yè)

Abstract：[Purpose/Significance]The policy demander in public emergency is one of the important roles of emergency management.Whether the corresponding policy supply matches the policy demand is related to the effectiveness of emergency management.The research on policy supply-demand matching expands the analysis perspective of policy text research，and provides reference for optimizing the scientific design of emergency management policies and improving the accuracy of public emergency management.[Method/Process]Taking Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia as an example，based on the two paths of theme distribution analysis and co-word analysis，this paper used the policy text computing method which integrates topic mining，text classification and co-word analysis to explore the matching of supply and demand of minor enterprises support policies in public emergencies.[Result/Conclusion]The supply and demand of financial support policies were relatively balanced，public opinion publicity needed to be strengthened by the information collection and management policies and tax preferential policies，and policy supply needed to be further increase by the government service policies and material guarantee and supply policies.

Key words：policy text computing;policy supply-demand matching;public emergencies;Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia;minor enterprises

新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎（以下簡稱“新冠肺炎”）疫情，給我國的經(jīng)濟社會生活帶來了一定的沖擊和影響。中小企業(yè)作為我國國民經(jīng)濟的重要支柱，囿于自身規(guī)模小、業(yè)務(wù)單一、盈利能力弱、抗風(fēng)險能力低，其生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營遭遇到嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。為了切實緩解當(dāng)前中小企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營所面臨的困難，確保經(jīng)濟的平穩(wěn)健康發(fā)展，中央及地方政府積極尋求并密集出臺了若干中小企業(yè)扶持政策，形成了一系列涉及財稅、金融、社保等領(lǐng)域的政策文本。這為突發(fā)公共事件下的政策研究提供了資料。

政策文本指因政策活動而產(chǎn)生的記錄文獻，包括官方文獻（如法律、法規(guī)、部門規(guī)章）、公文檔案（如研究、咨詢、聽證或決議）、政策輿情文本[1]。……