王露 陳思敏 趙蘇蘇 章宜芬



摘要:目的? 分析錯配修復(MMR)基因(MLH1、PMS2、MSH2、MSH6)的表達與子宮內膜樣子宮內膜癌臨床病理及ER、PR、p53、Ki-67、p16蛋白免疫組化表達的關系,探討MMR基因及其他基因對子宮內膜樣子宮內膜癌發生發展的作用。方法? 收集2016年8月~2019年10月我院診治的53例子宮內膜樣腺癌患者的臨床病理資料,應用免疫組織化學法檢測癌組織中MLH1、PMS2、MSH2、MSH6、ER、PR、Ki-67、p16、p53的表達水平,分析癌組織中MLH1、PMS2、MSH2、MSH6的表達及其與臨床病理、ER、PR、p53、Ki-67、p16表達的關系。結果? ①53例癌組織樣本中MLH1、PMS2、MSH2、MSH6發生缺失表達的模式中,MLH1/PMS2缺失、MSH2/MSH6正常表達者最常見,其次是MSH2/MSH6缺失、MLH1/PMS2正常表達者, MLH1/PMS2/ MSH2/MSH6四個基因全部缺失表達僅1例;②MLH1/PMS2缺失、MSH2/MSH6正常表達者癌組織呈中分化者較多,而MMR基因全部正常表達者癌組織呈低分化者較多,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);MSH2/MSH6缺失、MLH1/PMS2正常表達者腫塊相對較大,p16表達呈陽性者相對較多,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);MLH1/PMS2/ MSH2/MSH6四個基因全部缺失表達者的癌組織為低分化,ER、PR均陰性表達。結論? 發生MMR蛋白缺失的子宮內膜樣子宮內膜癌癌組織中,MLH1/PMS2缺失表達及MSH2/MSH6正常表達者最常見,MLH1/PMS2缺失表達及MSH2/MSH6正常表達的患者癌組織多為中分化,MSH2/MSH6缺失、MLH1/PMS2正常表達的患者腫塊相對較大,p16表達呈陽性者較多。
關鍵詞:子宮內膜樣子宮內膜癌;錯配修復基因;ER;PR;Ki-67;p16;p53
中圖分類號:R737.33? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼:A? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2020.14.019
文章編號:1006-1959(2020)14-0061-06
Relationship Between Mismatch Repair Gene Expression and Clinicopathology
and Related Gene Expression in Endometrioid Endometrial Carcinoma
WANG Lu,CHEN Si-min,ZHAO Su-su,ZHANG Yi-fen
(Department of Pathology,Jiangsu Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital,Nanjing 210000,Jiangsu,China)
Abstract:Objective? To analyze the relationship between the expression of mismatch repair (MMR) genes (MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, MSH6) and clinicopathology of endometrioid endometrial cancer and immunohistochemical expression of ER, PR, p53, Ki-67, p16 proteins to explore the role of MMR genes and other genes in the development of endometrioid endometrial cancer.Methods? The clinical and pathological data of 53 patients with endometrioid adenocarcinoma diagnosed and treated in our hospital from August 2016 to October 2019 were collected. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, MSH6, ER, PR, Ki-67, p16, p53 expression levels, analysis of MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, MSH6 expression in cancer tissues and its relationship with clinicopathology, ER, PR, p53, Ki-67, p16 expression.Results? ①Among the 53 cancer tissue samples, MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6 were found to be expressed in the missing pattern. MLH1/PMS2 deletion and MSH2/MSH6 normal expression were the most common, followed by MSH2/MSH6 deletion, MLH1/PMS2 normal expression,only one case of MLH1/PMS2/MSH2/MSH6 all four genes were deleted and expressed;②MLH1/PMS2 deletion, MSH2/MSH6 normal expression cancer tissues were more differentiated, and all MMR gene normal expression cancer tissues were poorly differentiated, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); MSH2/MSH6 those with deletion and normal expression of MLH1/PMS2 are relatively large, and those with positive expression of p16 are relatively large, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); cancer tissues of those with all four genes lacking expression of MLH1/PMS2/MSH2/MSH6 For poor differentiation, ER and PR are negatively expressed.Conclusion? Among endometrioid endometrial carcinoma tissues with MMR protein deletion, MLH1/PMS2 deletion expression and MSH2/MSH6 normal expression are the most common. Patients with MLH1/PMS2 deletion expression and MSH2/MSH6 normal expression are mostly in patients with moderate differentiation, MSH2/MSH6 deletion, and normal expression of MLH1/PMS2, the tumor mass is relatively large, and p16 expression is positive.
抑癌基因P53有調節轉錄、抑制細胞生長、誘導調亡的作用,是目前與人類腫瘤研究相關性最高的基因之一,通過多途徑參與EC的發生發展。P53可調節細胞生長,使出現DNA損傷的細胞生長停滯于G1期,從而有利細胞啟動自身修復機制。本研究中,p53錯義突變表達11例,占23.91%,無義突變表達1例,占2.17%,野生型表達34例占73.91%。而在MMR基因缺失表達的標本中,p53錯義突變表達占16.67%,野生型占77.78%,提示在子宮內膜樣子宮內膜癌中MMR蛋白與P53蛋白可能沒有相關性。
抑癌基因p16在許多腫瘤中均有高頻率純合子缺失[5,17],p16故又稱為多腫瘤抑制基因(MTSI)。p16基因作用于CDK4、cyclin D1 、Rb 的通路,從而調節Rb蛋白阻止細胞超常增殖。當p16基因發生突變或缺失時可使細胞發生分裂增殖,繼發腫瘤形成發展。p16缺失可為腫瘤浸潤、轉移提供生長優勢[18]。本研究中,p16 表達為(-)者3例,占7.89%、(1+)者25例,占65.79%、(2+)者8例,占21.05%、(3+)者2例,占5.26%;在MMR基因缺失表達的標本中,p16 表達為(-)者未見、(1+)者7例,占63.63%、(2+)者4例,占36.36%、(3+)者未見,其中MSH2/MSH6缺失、MLH1/PMS2正常表達者p16表達陽性者(2+)相對較多;根據這一結果,可以推測其發生有兩種可能,一種是MSH2/MSH6缺失、MLH1/PMS2正常表達者可能會存在p16代償性表達的修復從而抑制MMR蛋白導致的細胞異常增殖;另一種是MSH2/MSH6缺失、MLH1/PMS2正常表達者通常p16不會發生缺失。
Ki-67與細胞增殖密切相關,是一種約395 kD 的核抗原[19],是研究細胞增殖活性的最常用的重要指標。除G0期和 G1早期之外的其他各期都有Ki-67的表達,M 期可達高峰。腫瘤組織中Ki-67抗原表達可反映其增殖活性,與腫瘤發展、轉移和預后相關[20,21],Ki-67的表達能較好的成為腫瘤發生發展的早期提示指標。本研究發現,最常見的兩種MMR蛋白缺失表達模式與Ki-67的表達無統計學意義,提示癌細胞增殖活性強弱與錯配修復基因表達是否正常的關系并不是很大,這些增殖活性相對較高的組織并沒有錯配修復基因的缺失,說明其活性高可能是由于其他基因的改變導致。而其中1例4種MMR蛋白均缺失表達病例的其Ki-67呈強陽性表達,顯示出很強的增殖活性,通常差分化的腫瘤增殖活性比較高,而該例患者的分化很差,Ki-67也是表現為強陽性。
綜上所述,本研究發現發生MMR蛋白缺失的子宮內膜樣子宮內膜癌癌組織中,MLH1/PMS2缺失表達及MSH2/MSH6正常表達者最常見。MLH1/PMS2缺失表達及MSH2/MSH6正常表達這一模式的病例的癌組織多為中分化;MSH2/MSH6缺失、MLH1/PMS2正常表達者腫塊相對較大以及p16表達呈明顯陽性者相對較多;提示癌組織為中等分化的病例發生MLH1/PMS2缺失表達及MSH2/MSH6正常表達的幾率較大,腫塊越大以及p16呈明顯表達者發生MSH2/MSH6缺失、MLH1/PMS2正常表達的機率越大。4個MMR基因同時缺失表達的癌組織為低分化、ER及PR均陰性表達;可能提示子宮內膜樣子宮內膜癌分化程度越低及癌組織ER、PR 陰性表達時,4種MMR基因同時缺失表達發生機率越高,需要進一步擴大樣本進行驗證。
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收稿日期:2020-04-14;修回日期:2020-05-03
編輯/成森
作者簡介:王露(1984.11-),女,江蘇鎮江人,碩士,主治醫師,主要從事臨床病理診斷工作
通訊作者:章宜芬(1971.10-),女,安徽安慶人,博士,主任醫師,副教授,主要從事臨床病理診斷工作