袁莉莉 王琎


摘? ?要:2019年新型冠狀病毒肺炎疫情爆發后,疫情信息披露不及時、各種虛假消息、善款物資去向不明、確診患者行程難確定、病原鑒定復雜、責任追溯難等問題,引起全國人民熱議。我國面對重大突發公共衛生事件的科學治理體系和治理能力也經歷了一次大考。文章針對重大突發公共衛生事件下響應機制的痛點問題,結合了區塊鏈技術所具有的公開透明、可追溯、防篡改的特性,包括智能合約等技術,分析了區塊鏈技術在重大突發公共衛生事件的響應機制、公益慈善追溯、患者及接觸人員行程追溯、輿情監管、病毒溯源中的作用,推動了區塊鏈應用于重大突發公共衛生事件治理的路徑。
關鍵詞:重大突發公共衛生事件;科學治理;醫療體系;區塊鏈
中圖分類號: TP399? ? ? ? ? 文獻標識碼:A
Abstract: The outbreak of 2019-nCoV has touched many Chinese. After the outbreak of the epidemic, the problems, such as untimely disclosure of epidemic information, various false information, unclear whereabouts of donation materials and traces of confirmed patients, complex pathogens of 2019-nCoV, and difficulty of responsibility traceability, aroused heated debate among the whole nation. China's scientific governance system and governance capacity also encountered a big test when in public health emergencies. In view of the pain points of the medical system under the major public health emergencies, this paper uses the characteristics of blockchain technology, such as openness, transparency, traceability, anti tampering, including smart contract and other technologies to analyze the role of blockchain technology in the response mechanism of major public health emergencies, charity tracing, patient and contact person journey tracing and public opinion supervision. These has promote the application of blockchain in the governance of major public health emergencies.
Key words: public health emergencies; scientific governance; medical system; blockchain
1 引言
2019年新型冠狀病毒肺炎疫情突發后,抗擊新型冠狀病毒肺炎疫情成為國家治理體系和治理能力的一次大考,也是對我國突發公共衛生事件的防控預警水平和響應能力的一次檢驗。在2003年SARS病毒發生之后,我國已經建立了中國傳染病疫情和突發公共衛生事件網絡直報系統。在此次疫情中,針對重大突發公共衛生事件網絡直報系統并沒有及時發揮作用。這一次新型冠狀病毒疫情的爆發,再一次沖擊了我國的重大突發公共衛生事件的響應機制。
隨著新型冠狀病毒肺炎不斷蔓延,出現了并未有效整合的數據和前期信息失真現象,尤其是部分瞞報現象,公眾還是被籠罩在“數字疑云”之下。……