?涪陵烤煙棒孢霉葉斑病發生規律及大田防治藥劑篩選?

?陳鑫?

摘 要：為了有效防治由多主棒孢霉引起的烤煙葉斑病，調查研究了2016—2018年涪陵煙區主要氣象因子、海拔因素和大田因素與該病害發生的關系，初步了解了該病害的發生流行規律。采用6種藥劑開展了烤煙棒孢霉葉斑病田間防治試驗。結果表明：涪陵棒孢霉葉斑病在6月中下旬開始發病，高溫多雨氣候有利于其暴發流行，隨海拔升高初始發病時間相應推遲，坡地較平地發病重，粘土較壤土發病重，前茬作物為水稻以及氮肥施用最少的煙田發病輕;田間藥劑試驗顯示多菌靈、百菌清和代森錳鋅等化學農藥防效較好，防效分別達到了87.74%、83.88%和89.08%，微生物農藥中枯草芽孢桿菌防效明顯好于木霉素，克菌丹防效最差，三者的防效分別為30.12%、14.22%和-4.64%，均顯著差于試驗化學農藥。

關鍵詞：烤煙;棒孢霉葉斑病;流行規律;藥劑防治;涪陵

中圖分類號：S572文獻標識碼：A文章編號：1006-060X（2020）04-0029-05

Occurrence Law of Corynespora Leaf Spot of Flue-Cured Tobacco and Screening of Field Control Chemicals in Fuling District

CHEN Xin

（Fuling Tobacco Company of Chongqing， Chongqing 408000， PRC）

Abstract：In order to prevent and control the leaf spot of flue-cured tobacco caused by Corynespora cassiicola （Berk. & Curt.） Wei， the main meteorological factors， elevation factors and field factors in Fuling district from 2016 to 2018 were investigated， the relationship between the occurrence of Corynespora leaf spot and the above factors was researched， and the regular epidemic pattern of this disease was analyzed. Six fungicides were used to control flue-cured tobacco leaf spot in the field trial. The results showed that Corynespora leaf spot of flue-cured tobacco occured in mid to late June in Fuling; the high temperature and rainy climate was favorable for its outbreak， the initial onset time was delayed as the altitude increased; the incidence of the disease was more serious in the sloping field than in the flat land， more serious in the clay than in the loam， less serious in the previous crop of rice and the tobacco field with the least nitrogen application. The field trial showed that? carbendazim， chlorothalonil and mancozeb had good control effects of 87.74%， 83.88% and 89.08% respectively. Among? the? tested microbial fungicides， the control effect of Bacillus subtilis was significantly better than that of trichodermin， Captan had the lowest effect， and their control effects were 30.12%， 14.22% and -4.64% respectively， all microbial fungicides were significantly lower than the above three chemical fungicides in the control of Corynespora leaf spot.

Key words：flue cured tobacco; Corynespora leaf spot; epidemic law; chemical control; Fuling district

1973年Fajola和Alasodura[1]首次報道了由多主棒

孢霉〔Corynespora cassiicola （ Berk. & Curt. ） Wei〕引起的煙草棒孢霉葉斑病，1998年，我國首次在貴州煙區發現該病，煙葉損失率達到15%～30%[2]。此后，該病害相繼在廣西、江西等地區發生[3-4]。2016年7月，重慶涪陵煙區首次發現烤煙棒孢霉葉斑病。2017—2018年，該病害大面積爆發，部分煙田減產超過80%，已成為涪陵煙區主要病害。

目前，僅有部分文獻從病害大田發生流行規律及藥劑防治方面進行了報道[5-7]，但均未開展相對系統的研究，同時由于各煙區生態條件的差異，必然導致病害發生流行規律以及對各種藥劑的敏感性不盡相同。筆者調查了重慶市涪陵煙區2016—2018年氣候、海拔、大田生產等因素對烤煙棒孢霉葉斑病發生流行的影響，并通過田間藥劑防治，對棒孢霉葉斑病防治藥劑進行篩選，以期為該病害的防治提供依據。……