?萬強 謝運河 田發祥 周陳剛 付東升 黃建伊 周艷



摘 要:為了明確長效多元復合肥在水稻生產中的施用效果和作用機理,于2017—2019年進行了大田小區對比和大田示范試驗。結果表明:大田小區對比試驗中,施用高濃度復合肥的對照田水稻平均產量為490.43 kg/667m2,施用長效多元復合肥的處理3 a平均水稻產量為566.43kg/667m2,增產76kg/667m2,平均增產率為15.50%,差異達極顯著水平;大田示范對比試驗中,對照田水稻平均產量為563.88kg/667m2,處理田水稻平均產量為644.42kg/667m2,增產80.54kg/667m2,增產率為14.28%。總的來看,長效多元復合肥氮、磷、鉀養分配比合理,且富含中微量元素,適宜在水稻生產中推廣應用。
關鍵詞:水稻;長效多元復合肥;施用效果
中圖分類號:S511文獻標識碼:A文章編號:1006-060X(2020)04-0019-04
Study on the Application Effect of Long-Term Multi-Element Compound Fertilizer on Rice
WAN Qiang1,XIE Yun-he1,TIAN Fa-xiang1,ZHOU Chen-gang2,FU Dong-sheng3,
HUANG Jian-yi4,ZHOU Yan1
(1. Hunan Institute of Agricultural Environmental Ecology, Changsha 410125, PRC; 2. Hunan Longfutianxia Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd., Changsha 410014, PRC; 3. Qiqihare Rice Cultivation Technology Guidance Association of Heilongjiang,
Qiqihare 161000, PRC; 4. Yili Simplified Agricultural Technology Service Co., Ltd, Yili 835000, PRC)
Abstract:In order to clarify the application effect and mechanism of long-term multi-element compound fertilizer on rice, the field plot contrast experiment and the demonstrative field contrast test were conducted during 2017—2019. The control group was conventional high concentration compound fertilizer, the treatment is long-term multi-element compound fertilizer. The results of 3-year field plot experiment in Changsha County showed that the average rice yield of the treatment was 8 496.45 kg/hm2, 1140 kg/hm2 higher than 7 356.45 kg/hm2 of the control, increased by 15.50%, reaching the extremely significant difference level. In 3-year demonstrative field contrast test in Hunan, Hubei, Heilongjiang, Xinjiang, etc, the average rice yield of the treatment was 9 666.3 kg/hm2, 1 208.1 kg/hm2 higher than 8 458.2 kg/hm2
of the control, up 14.28%. The long-term multi-element compound fertilizer has a reasonable nutrient ratio of N, P, K, and is rich in medium and trace elements, which is suitable for popularization in rice production.
Key words:rice; long-term multi-element compound fertilizer; application effect
近年來,隨著農村大批青壯年勞力外出務工,在農村種田的主要是老人和婦女,他們的勞動能力有限,更習慣施用濃度比較高、用量比較少、前期效果好的高濃度復合肥。比如45%復合肥(N-P2O5-K2O=
15-15-15)、51%復合肥(N-P2O5-K2O=17-17-17)、57%
復合肥(N-P2O5-K2O=19-19-19),這些高濃度全水溶復合肥,氮、磷、鉀養分含量高,用量少,見效快,施用
后2~5 d水稻秧苗就會快速旺長,呈現深綠或黑綠色,深受大部分種田農戶的歡迎。高濃度的復合肥,如45%~57%復合肥的生產成本相比低濃度復合肥如35%~40%復合肥,以及單元素的肥料生產成本更低,利潤空間就更大。因為高濃度復合肥除氮、磷、鉀外,很少或不添加其他輔助成分。所以,復合肥廠愿意生產高濃度的復合肥。高濃度復合肥在水稻上的應用越來越普遍,施用量越來越大,由此也帶來一系列的問題。……