姚星偉 牛國保 文正華 張小麗 趙前程 孫德嶺

摘 ? ?要:‘春雪3號為適宜春季栽培的花椰菜新品種,是以胞質雄性不育系‘11K-45為母本,自交親和系‘10ZF-46為父本雜交選育而成的胞質雄性不育新品種。春季栽培55~60 d成熟。株形直立、緊湊,葉片深綠色,合抱護球性優。花球高圓、緊實、雪白、細嫩、平整。單球質量1.51 kg,平均產量43 180 kg · hm-2。
關鍵詞:花椰菜;胞質雄性不育;春季栽培;新品種
中圖分類號:S635.3 ? ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼:A ? ? ? ? ? DOI 編碼:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2020.02.002
A New Cauliflower Cultivar 'Chunxue NO.3'
YAO Xingwei, NIU Guobao, WEN Zhenghua, ZHANG Xiaoli, ZHAO Qiancheng, SUN Deling
(The National State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Resources Innovation, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Breeding, Tianjin Kernel Vegetable Research Institute, Tianjin 300384, China)
Abstract: 'Chunxue No.3' is a new spring maturity cauliflower cultivar developed by the cross of CMS line '11K-45'× self-compatible line '10ZF-46'. The growing period from transplantation to harvest is about 55~60 days in spring. The plant type is erect. It has dark green outer leaves and curds are well protected by leaves. The curd is dome, compact, snow-white colour, tender and smooth. The average weight of each curd is about 1.51 kg, the mean yield is 43 180 kg·hm-2.
Key words: cauliflower; CMS; spring maturity; new cultivar
花椰菜營養豐富,同時具有抗癌防癌的保健功能,深受廣大消費者的喜愛[1-3]。據FAO報道,2016 年中國花椰菜栽培面積達52萬hm2,占世界總面積的38.72%;產量達1 026萬t,占世界總產量的40.67%。
選用花椰菜胞質不育系‘11K-45為母本,優良自交系‘10ZF-46為父本,2009年進行試配雜交組合,2010—2012年進行品比試驗。2010年平均產量42 180 kg·hm-2,比對照‘春雪二號增產14.29%;2011年平均產量43 200 kg·hm-2,比對照增產9.62%;2012年平均產量44 160 kg·hm-2,比對照增產13.58%。2012—2014年在天津市西青區當城村、武清區黃花店村參加生產示范,商品性優良,適合春季露地栽培。2014年進行花椰菜非主要農作物品種登記(登記號:津登花椰菜2014010),暫定名為‘春雪3號。
1 品種特征特性
春季栽培品種,成熟期55~60 d。株形直立、緊湊,葉片深綠色,合抱護球性優。花球高圓、緊實、雪白、細嫩、平整。單球質量1.51 kg,平均產量43 180 kg·hm-2。
2 栽培技術要點
適合在天津、北京、河北壩上等地區春季露地栽培。京津地區1月底至2月初播種為宜。準備72穴育苗盤備用。播種之前為保持營養土濕潤,適量澆水,每穴播1~2粒種子。京津地區3月中下旬露地定植。定植后由于氣溫偏低,必要時需加蓋小拱棚,防止凍害發生。待幼苗緩苗后,根據墑情澆緩苗水,緩苗后施尿素150 kg·hm-2或硫酸銨225 kg·hm-2;現球后追施尿素150 kg·hm-2;整個生育期大水大肥以促進植株生長。花球直徑達9~10 cm時及時采收。花球成熟期,氣溫回升,及時噴灑防蟲藥劑以防止蟲害發生。
參考文獻:
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