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聚丙烯/聚烯烴彈性體復合材料物理機械性能及交流電性能

2020-04-22 06:00:44趙洪栗松鄭昌佶宋淑偉張文龍
電機與控制學報 2020年3期
關鍵詞:力學性能

趙洪 栗松 鄭昌佶 宋淑偉 張文龍

摘 要:聚丙烯(PP)分別與乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)彈性體、苯乙烯—乙烯/丁烯—苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物(SEBS)熔融共混,制備出不同質量分數的彈性體/PP復合材料。SEM結果表明復合材料微觀形貌呈現彈性體均勻分布在PP中構成的“海島結構”,隨著復合體系中彈性體含量的增加,島相濃度與尺寸均增大。DSC結果表明當彈性體含量增加時,復合材料結晶度略有下降。力學測試結果表明165 ℃下復合材料的熱延伸形變量均大于PP的熱延伸形變量,且隨彈性體含量增加復合材料熱延伸形變量逐漸增加。DMA測試結果表明30%質量分數的POE/PP復合材料的25 ℃彈性模量降低至約750 MPa。交流介電強度測試結果表明不同溫度下復合材料交流介電強度均小于PP,其中25%質量分數的SEBS/PP復合材料交流介電強度最接近PP。彈性體/PP復合材料中的“海島結構”既保留了PP較高溫度下的機械強度,又明顯降低了PP材料的硬度,增加了韌性和柔順性。

關鍵詞:聚丙烯;彈性體;微觀形態結構;力學性能;交流擊穿強度

DOI:10.15938/j.emc.2020.03.004

中圖分類號:TM 854文獻標志碼:A文章編號:1007-449X(2020)03-0028-10

Abstract:Polypropylene/elastomer blend materials with different content (20%,25%,30%) of elastomer are prepared by blending polypropylene and ethylene/octene copolymer elastomers(POE), polypropylene and styreneethylene/ butylenestyrene triblock copolymer (SEBS). The properties of the blends were tested by SEM, polarizing microscope test,DSC,mechanical performance,DMA,and breakdown performance to investigate the micromorphology and crystallization properties, AC breakdown strength and mechanical properties of PP and blends. The results of SEM showed that the elastomer distributed evenly in PP,and formed “island structure”. With the content of elastomer increasing,the concentration and size of island phase increased too. In the same composition,the island phase size of the SEBS/PP composite material is significantly smaller than that of the POE/PP composite material. The results of DSC showed that when the content of elastomer increased,the crystallinity of composite material decreased slightly,but the crystallization temperature (Tc) and crystalline melt temperature (Tm) did not change significantly. Tensile mechanical test results showed that the thermal extension deformation quantity of composite under 165 ℃ were greater than PP,with the content of elastomer increasing,the result increased too. When the content of POE is 30wt%,the deformation quantity rose to 11%,the tensile yield stress of 30wt% SEBS composites decreased to 20.01 MPa. DMA test results show that the elastic modulus decreased to about 750 MPa with the component of 30wt% POE at 25 ℃. Breakdown strength of the composites is generally lower than that of PP,but the composite with 25wt% SEBS almost keeps the breakdown performance of pure PP. The “island structure” in PP/elastomer blends retains the mechanical strength of PP,reduces the hardness of material significantly and increases the toughness and flexibility of PP at the same time.

Keywords:polypropylene; elastomers; microstructure; mechanical properties; AC breakdown strength

2)彈性體的加入,對復合材料力學性能改善明顯,降低了屈服應力,提高了斷裂伸長率,明顯降低了儲存模量,進而提高了韌性和柔順性,適合于高壓電纜的應用,復合材料較好的保持了耐熱性,165 ℃熱延伸值均小于11%。

3)彈性體的加入使復合體系的交流耐電強度降低,歸因于島相結構呈非晶相聚集態,分子間距大,電場下電子加速作用增強。同組分SEBS對PP的耐電強度保留程度優于POE。復合體系的相對介電常數和介質損耗角正切值都保持較低值,不影響材料在工頻下的應用。

本文根據對聚丙烯/彈性體復合體系的交流電性能和物理性能的基礎性研究認為,SEBS的添加量為25wt%的復合體系對PP高耐電強度特性保留最好,且機械性能表現優良,認為最具備工業化應用的潛力[21]。

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(編輯:賈志超)

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