古力帕日·克力木 張蕾



[摘要] 目的 評價圍術期外源性輸血(ABT)對胃癌手術患者預后的影響。 方法 計算機檢索PubMed、Cochrane Library、EMBASE、Highwire生物醫學數據庫,收集2000年1月~2019年1月研究圍術期ABT對胃癌手術患者預后影響的臨床對照試驗。采用Stata 12.0版本軟件進行meta分析,系統評價圍術期ABT對5年生存率、腫瘤復發率、術后并發癥發生率的影響。 結果 共納入20篇高質量相關文獻。與非輸血組比較,ABT組患者5年生存率降低(OR = 0.47,95%CI:0.39~0.56,P = 0.005),腫瘤復發率(OR = 2.09,95%CI:1.35~3.25,P = 0.000)和術后并發癥發生率升高(OR = 2.40,95%CI:1.81~3.19,P = 0.000),差異有統計學意義。 結論 圍術期ABT對胃癌手術患者預后產生不良影響。
[關鍵詞] 外源性輸血;胃癌手術;5年生存率;腫瘤復發;術后并發癥
[中圖分類號] R735.2? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-7210(2020)03(a)-0098-05
[Abstract] Objective To evaluate affects about perioperative allogenenic blood transfusion (ABT) on the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer surgery. Methods PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Highwire biomedical databases were retrieved by computer, and clinical controlled trials from January 2000 to January 2019 to study the effect of perioperative ABT on the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer surgery were collected. A meta-analysis was performed using Stata version 12.0 software to systematically evaluate the effects of perioperative ABT on 5-year survival, tumor recurrence, and postoperative complications. Results A total of 20 high-quality related literatures were included. Compared with the non-transfusion group, the 5-year survival rate of patients in the ABT group was reduced (OR = 0.47, 95%CI: 0.39-0.56, P = 0.005), while the tumor recurrence rates (OR = 2.09, 95%CI: 1.35-3.25, P = 0.000) and the incidence of postoperative complications were increased (OR = 2.40, 95%CI: 1.81-3.19, P = 0.000), and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion Perioperative ABT can adversely affect the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer surgery.
[Key words] Allogenenic blood transfusion; Gastrointestinal cancer surgery; Five-year survival rate; Tumor recurrence rate; Postoperative complication rate
胃腸腫瘤是一項重要的世界健康問題,其中胃癌是世界上常見的惡性腫瘤之一[1-2],執行腫瘤根治手術是該疾病患者的首選治療方法[3]。目前,越來越多的證據顯示,圍術期進行外源性輸血(ABT)對腫瘤患者預后產生負面影響[4],但針對這一問題仍有很大爭議[5-6]。因此,本研究針對圍術期ABT對胃癌手術患者預后影響這一問題進行了新的系統性回顧和meta分析,更加全面地評估和更新相關參考文獻,以期為臨床研究提供理論依據。
1 資料與方法
1.1 資料檢索
查閱2000年1月~2019年1月關于圍術期ABT與胃癌手術患者預后關系的文獻。具體檢索方法:計算機檢索PubMed、Cochrane Library、EMBASE、Highwire生物醫學數據庫。英文檢索詞包括:Perioperative,Allogenenic Blood Transfusion,Clinical Outcome,Gastric Carcinoma,Gastric Cancer,Stomach Cancer,Carcinoma of Stomach。
1.2 納入及排除標準
文獻納入標準:①研究對象。評價ABT與胃癌手術患者預后之間的關系;②ABT組與非輸血組比較的臨床對照試驗;③如果數據在同一時期或同一科研團隊進行了多次報告與更新,則僅選擇最新一次研究或數據樣本最大。排除標準:①自體輸血者或未進行手術;②提供信息不完整;③質量較低。
1.3 觀察指標
主要觀察指標:5年生存率、腫瘤復發率和術后并發癥發生率。針對各個研究收集第一作者姓氏、出版年份及國家等信息。
1.4 質量評估
根據紐卡斯爾-渥太華量表(NOS)評估納入研究的質量,NOS評分≥7分研究被定義為高質量研究,最高分為9分[7]。本研究僅納入高質量研究。
1.5 統計學方法
本研究用Stata 12.0軟件對所得數據進行meta分析。計數資料采用Mantele-Haenszel法合并OR值及95%CI,采用Egger法檢測發表偏倚情況。先對納入研究進行臨床異質性檢驗,若各研究之間無異質性(I2 < 50%,P < 0.05),選擇固定效應模型,否則選擇隨機效應模型。通過敏感性分析,進一步探究文章異質性。以P < 0.05為差異有統計學意義。
2 結果
2.1 文獻檢索結果
根據檢索策略進行初步檢索,共獲得文獻1050篇。通過篩選,本研究最終納入20篇[8-27]高質量相關文獻。檢索流程見圖1。各研究基本特征見表1。
2.2 Meta分析結果
與非輸血組比較,ABT可顯著降低胃癌手術患者5年生存率(OR = 0.47,95%CI:0.39~0.56),提高腫瘤復發率(OR = 2.09,95%CI:1.35~3.25)及術后并發癥發生率(OR = 2.40,95%CI:1.81~3.19),差異均有統計學意義(均P < 0.05)。見圖2~4。
2.3 發表偏倚
以本研究3項觀察指標繪制漏斗圖,見圖5。漏斗圖分布趨勢不明顯,但分布對稱,提示存在一定程度發表偏倚。見表2。
2.4 敏感性分析
通過分別剔除每一項研究進行敏感性分析,發現結果與刪除前一致,提示本評價結果穩定。
3 討論
Meta分析結果顯示,在接受過根治性手術的胃癌患者中,圍術期ABT與預后不良顯著相關,包括5年生存率降低,腫瘤復發率和術后并發癥發生率升高。但meta分析仍然存在一些局限性。這些試驗中未提及麻醉和鎮痛的方法及藥物,可能在某種程度上有所不同。雖然經Egger法檢測各研究的發表偏倚情況不明顯,但依舊存在一定程度的發表偏倚情況。因此關于圍術期ABT對胃癌手術患者預后影響的研究,還需要更多臨床試驗作為依據,綜合分析。
在對外科患者的第1次前瞻性分析中報道,對紅細胞進行更為謹慎地處理、調整以及嚴格把控輸血觸發因素,不會增加發病率和死亡率。Dixon等[28]將紅細胞輸血率命名為腫瘤手術中被忽視的潛在質量參數。因此,研究ABT對胃癌手術患者預后的影響非常重要。
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(收稿日期:2019-09-24? 本文編輯:王曉曄)