ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OF OIL & GAS FIELDS

Vol.30 No.4 2020 Tot.No.137

ThoughtsandSuggestionsinEnhancingtheAuditWorkofQHSEManagementSystem(1)

Zhang Jianwei Xiong Yunshi Guo Lu

(CNPCResearchInstituteofSafety&EnvironmentTechnology)

ABSTRACTFor the first time， CNPC has implemented a special QHSE management system audit method which was mainly conducted by the internal audit of enterprises and supplemented by the supervision of the group headquarters. It has achieved good results and played an important role in promoting the internal audit of the enterprise QHSE management system. There are several problems in the system audit， such as the difficulty of the audit， the depth and quality of the audit need to be improved， and the overall ability of the auditor to meet the audit needs. In order to improve these， we propose to summarize and promote the audit method with enterprise internal audit as the main method and group headquarters supervision as the auxiliary method， continue to promote the internal audit of enterprise QHSE management system and the informationization construction of QHSE audit， establish a guarantee mechanism with upper and lower linkage， strengthen the basic research of QHSE management system audit and the construction of QHSE audit team and other suggestions.

KEYWORDSQHSE management system； audit； existing problem； suggestion

StudyontheGradingandClassificationoftheImpactsofOilandGasExplorationandDevelopmentonEcologicalEnvironment(4)

Gao Qichen Guo Zhihong Xu Wenbo Dong WenwanLiang Tao

(CNPCResearchInstituteofSafety&EnvironmentTechnology)

ABSTRACTThe resources of oil and gas are the cornerstone of the nation energy safety.Nowadays， the exploration and development of oil and gas are restricted by the construction of national ecological civilization. According to conventional oil，conventional natural gas， unconventional oil and gas，and other different minerals， the ecological and environmental impact factors can be screened， and an assessment indicator system can be established. In addition ， the point test is developed by classification.Hereby， the final values of assessment results can be basis of economic evaluation and strategy-decision for the government management and mine owners.

KEYWORDSoil and gas； exploration and development； ecological and environmental impact； grading and classification

KeyEnvironmentalProtectionTechnologiesandApplicationsforDownholeOperationsinChangqingOilfield(9)

Jiang Zhiqiang1，2Wang Shangwei1，2Luo Yougang1，2Zhao Pengyu1，2Chen Xiaoli1，2

(1.PetroleumTechnologyResearchInstitute，PetroChinaChangqingOilfieldCompany； 2.NationalEngineeringLaboratoryforExplorationandDevelopmentofLow-PermeabilityOil&GasFields)

ABSTRACTChangqing Oilfield is located in the Ordos Basin. The ecological environment is fragile and there are many environmentally sensitive areas. During the downhole operation， a large amount of backflow liquid and sludge will be generated， which will easily cause environmental pollution in the well site and bring many challenges to the clean production of oilfields. To this end， the environmental protection problems in the entire underground operation of Changqing Oilfield were sorted out， and the closed cleaning technology of oil production pipe column， the continuous closed circulation well washing technology of oil pipe， the anti-spraying technology of oil pipe in sectional fracturing， and the hydraulic anti-spraying oil discharge are summarized. And key environmental technologies such as pressure work. The field test applied more than 150 wells， the average single well reduced the return discharge liquid by 28.2 square meters， reduced the oil sludge by 0.2 tons， effectively inhibited the occurrence of environmental pollution problems during the operation， realized zero pollution in the operation process， and scientifically studied the underground operation of the oilfield in China. Green and civilized development have certain reference significance.

KEYWORDSdownhole operation； environmental protection technology； closed cleaning； continuous closed well washing； pipe blowout prevention

InvestigationandAnalysisoftheBoundaryNoiseofRoutineshaleGasDrillingandFracturingOperationinSichuan(12)

Li Yang Chen Lirong Zhang Hui Chen Xiaodong Chen Shirong

(Safety，EnvironmentalProtectionandQualitySupervisionandTestingInstitute，PetroChinaChuanqingDrillingCo.，Ltd.)

ABSTRACTShale gas is an unventional gas， because of the long production life and production cycle， and with the advantages of “ low carbon， clean， efficient and low pollution”， it had become a hot issue of new energy. With the development of shale gas drilling， cases of disturbing is often occured， which not only casued great impact for the neighboring residence but also impeded the development of shale gas drilling. It is necessary to know about the noise emission of each major operation during the development of shale gas drilling. This paper analyzed the characteristics of shale gas drilling in Changning Area， Sichuan， and detailed analysis about the boundary noise of drilling and fracturing opearation was provided. According to compare the noise of different types of drilling platforms and fracturing operations， some corresponding measures are put forward， some specific suggestions are put forward for the reference of shale gas developers and related technical managers.

KEYWORDSshale gas； drilling； fracturing； boundary noise； monitoring

SeparateTreatment，RecyclingandReuseofRefineryProcessWastewater(17)

Wang Zixian1，2Zhang Hua1，2Gao Lei3Li Yanning1Zhang Ruicheng1

(1.CNPCResearchInstituteofSafety&EnvironmentTechnology； 2.StateKeyLaboratoryofPetroleumPollutionControl； 3.ChinaJilinBranchofChinaKunlunEngineeringCo.，Ltd)

ABSTRACTProcess wastewater generated by a refinery typically can be segregated into three categories: sour waster， desalter effluent and spent caustic according to the sources， specification and flowrate of the wastewater streams. The paper describes various wastewater separate treatment processes， recycling and reuse practices with respect to the three categories of refinery process wastewater. Since the beginning of the 21st century， it also points out that there are significant achievements in Chinese refining enterprises due to upgrade of crude oil refining processes and clean production of Chinese refineries， where the operating load of alkali slag wastewater treatment plant and sewage treatment plant of each refinery has been significantly reduced， and the working pressure of wastewater treatment of refinery has been greatly reduced.

KEYWORDSrefinery wastewater；sour water； desalter effluent； spent caustic； separate treatment；recycling and reuse

TheResearchandApplicationofDouble-filterFiltrationTechnologyintheTreatmentofSmallParticlesfromProducedWater(21)

Gao Rui1Zhu Kaifeng1Zheng Sainan2

(1.ResearchInstituteofOilProductionTechnology，CNPCDagangOilfieldCompany；2.Quality，SafetyandEnvironmentalProtectionDepartmentofPetrochinaLiaoheOilfieldCompany)

ABSTRACTThe produced water treatment process in BQ oilfield processing plant was optimized， from the former three-stage of “gravity sedimentation+walnut shell filtration+fiber ball filtration” to the current two-stage process of “gravity sedimentation+double filter material filtration”. After the optimization， the designed capacity of the more integrated system was reduced by 20%， with an increased loading capacity of 13.5%， a decreased number of filters from 12 to 4， and a reduced number of equipment by 67%. The backwashing cycle was extended from 12 hours to 48-72 hours， thereby reduced energy consumption； the backwashing water volume was reduced from 435 m3/d to 120 m3/d. It is estimated that the energy consumption of the produced water treatment system could be dropped from 71.2×104kW·h to 63.5×104kW·h.

KEYWORDSwater treatment； double filter material filtratorr； particle size； backwashing； energy saving and consumption reduction

EconomicAnalysisofScaledEffectofFracturingFlowbackFluidTreatment(25)

Chen Tianxin Zhao Liang Wang Hongjuan Zhou Wei Liu Yuan

(ResearchInstituteofSafety，EnvironmentalProtectionandTechnicalSupervision，PetroChinaSouthwestOilandGasField)

ABSTRACTThe treatment and disposal of fracturing flowback fluid， a byproduct of fracturing technology， has gradually become a key environmental protection bottleneck during shale gas development. Facing the high treatment cost of fracturing flowback fluid and the complex terrain of Sichuan and Chongqing shale gas production region， there is no concentrated fracturing flowback fluid gathering treatment plant in China at present. Based on the literature review and data investigation， the scaled economic model of fracturing flowback fluid treatment was established. From the perspective of economic efficiency， several suggestions were put forward for the scale of centralized treatment of flowback fluid， and the economic efficiency of flowback fluid treatment device should be further verified in the field test.

KEYWORDSfracturing flowback fluid； reverse osmosis； operation cost

DiscussiononUpgradingandApplicationofExternalDrainageTreatmentTechnologyinDagangYangsanmuOilfield(28)

Wang Yunpeng1Wang Duan2Wang Jianwei2Zou Xiaoyan2

Zhang Jinhua3

(1.Quality，SafetyandEnvironmentalProtectionDepartmentofDagangOilfieldCompany； 2.OilProductionTechnologyResearchInstituteofDagangOilfield； 3.DagangOilfieldBin’gangPetroleumTechnologyGroupCo.，Ltd.)

ABSTRACTThe effluent treatment system of Yangsanmu oilfield adopts the treatment process of high efficiency energy-saving filter+micro flocculation treatment system+FSBR activated sludge treatment system+high-efficiency energy-saving filter， and the treatment effect can not meet the requirements of the latest indicators， so it needs to be upgraded. Based on the analysis of production situation and investigation of treatment technology at home and abroad， the treatment process of “high efficiency and energy saving filtration+micro flocculation treatment+cooling+UASB anaerobic treatment+primary contact oxidation+hydrolysis tank+secondary contact oxidation+activated carbon filtration adsorption” was optimized. According to the results of indoor test and field pilot test， the existing FSBR tank was repaired and transformed into primary and secondary contact oxidation tank Hydrolysis tank， and new cooling tower， UASB reactor and activated carbon adsorption tower are built to realize the external drainage treatment process of filtration， sedimentation， anaerobic reaction， hydrolysis， contact oxidation and adsorption. The treated effluent successfully meets the technical indexes of COD≤50 mg/L， petroleum≤1 mg/L， and ammonia nitrogen≤5 mg/L.

KEYWORDSoilfield produced water； external drainage treatment； UASB； hydrolysis

IndustrialApplicationof“Packing+WireMesh”DemistinginAmmoniaDesulfurization(32)

Wu Quanfu Du Haibo Yang Xiao

(PetroChinaKaramayPetrochemicalCo.，Ltd.)

ABSTRACTIn this study， an ammonia desulfurization process of “filler+mesh” demist technology that solves the problems of “flue gas tailing”， dust raining， and aerosol emission， was applied in a thermal plant. The flue gas exhausted from the concentrating tower into the absorbing tower， would go through triple spraying by serous to lower the SO2concentration， and then treated by the “filler+mesh”combination. The actual desulfurization efficiency could reach over 98% with the output SO2concentration lower than 30 mg/m3and particles less than 10 mg/m3， qualified for the standard of “Work program for the full scale operation of ultra-low emission and energy conservation in coal fired power plants”(SO2lower than 35 mg/m3， particles lower than 10 mg/m3).

KEYWORDSammonia desulfurization； mesh demist； power plant

TheResearchandApplicationofProfileControllingTechnologyontheOilSludgefromHeavyOilThermalRecovery(35)

Yang Yang1Wang Zhe2Zheng Sainan3Wei Wei3

(1.ShuguangOilProductionPlant，PetroChinaLiaoheOilfieldCo.Ltd； 2.PetroChinaLubricantCompany； 3.Quality，SafetyandEnvironmentalProtectionDepartmentofPetroChinaLiaoheOilfieldCompany)

ABSTRACTThe increased amount of oil sludge from heavy oil thermal recovery when Shuguang oilfield enters the middle and late stage of exploitation had pose pressure on the treatment of the sludge， and increasing the cost of such treatment. Based on the analysis of the composition of oil sludge， combined with the uneven usage of heavy oil steam stimulation， the sludge based product series for plugging were gradually developed. The supporting slug combination， surface engineering process and equipment were also developed to seal channeling in heavy oil wells. According to the past practical application， this technology could effectively utilize the middle and low permeable layer， alleviate the steam flow， improve the development effect， realize the green resource utilization of oil sludge， and save treatment cost. Therefore， this type of technology has showed a promising prospect for a broad application.

KEYWORDSShuguang Oilfield； heavy oil； oily sludge； profile control； steam-assisted recovery

StudyandApplicationofOilSludgeProfileControlTechnologyinOilfield(40)

Hu Ke Bi Haijie Song Fang

(JiqingOilfieldOperationArea，PetroChinaXinjiangOilfieldBranch)

ABSTRACTFrom the aspects of process maturity and treatment degree， this paper briefly describes the present situation of chemical hot washing technology， thermal decomposition technology， incineration treatment technology， solvent extraction technology and profile control technology of oily sludge. By comparing and analyzing several kinds of processes， the indexes of harmless treatment of oily sludge， the optimization of treatment process， and the effect of harmless treatment are discussed. In addition， by analyzing the composition and particle size of oily sludge， we also carried out performance test of oily sludge compound plugging agent and performance test of oily sludge jelly system， laboratory evaluation experiment of oily sludge blocking agent performance， profile control field test.By analyzing the measures and effects， we evaluate the technical and economic benefits， which will provide a reference for the resource utilization of oil-bearing sludge in oil fields.

KEYWORDSoily sludge；resource utilization； profile control； laboratory evaluation； application

RemediationofHeavyMetalsinPetroleum-contaminatedSoilsbyElectrokineticMethod(44)

Liu Bing1，2Lei Wenzhang2Wang Jinming3Li Yongan2Liao Kai4

(1.BohaiPetroleumEquipmentManufacturingCo.Ltd； 2.CNPCResearchInstituteofSafety&EnvironmentTechnology； 3.PetroChinaDagangOilfieldCompany;4.Shu’nanGasMinePetroChinaSouthwestOil&GasfieldCompany)

ABSTRACTElectrokinetic remediation (EK) is a promising technology for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. In this paper， citric acid wastewater is used to enhance the electrodynamic remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils by Cd， Pb and Zn. The experimental results show that the cathode using cation exchange membrane can better control the increase of soil pH value， reduce polarization and deposition of heavy metals in soil； the removal rates of Cd， Pb and Zn are 21.5%， 33.4% and 65.5% respectively in citric acid wastewater； and the removal rates of heavy metals in electrokinetic remediation can be enhanced by citric acid wastewater. Thus， citric acid wastewater can be used as a cheap and efficient auxiliary reagent for electrodynamic remediation to achieve the purpose of waste treatment.

KEYWORDSelectrokinetic method；cadmium； lead； zinc； petroleum contaminated soil

CarbonSourceIdentificationofRefineryEnterprisesBasedonProductionProcess(49)

Tang Wei1Gao Lei2Zong Tinggui3

(1.JianghanOilProductionPlant，SinopecJianghanOilfield； 2.JilinBranchofCNPCKunlunEngineeringCo.Ltd； 3.PetroChinaNingxiaPetrochemicalCompany)

ABSTRACTThe traditional carbon sources of enterprises are divided into direct emission sources， indirect emission sources and other emission sources according to international standards， which is difficult to reflect the multichannel and diversified characteristics of carbon emissions of petroleum refining enterprises. Combined with the production characteristics of petroleum refining enterprises， carbon emission control is reconsidered from the perspective of the whole process control of pollutants， and the carbon source is subdivided into three aspects: the input of raw materials and energy， the processing and manufacturing of products or by-products， and the treatment and disposal of pollutants， including the low carbonization of raw materials and energy input to realize the source control of carbon emission sources； Low carbonization in the production process， in addition to low carbonization of raw materials and energy input in the production process， control the carbon emission carried by gas pollutants in the process to realize the process control of carbon emission； Low carbonization in sewage treatment process is mainly the carbon emission of sewage treatment system， so as to realize the end control of carbon emission. The carbon source identification of petroleum refining enterprises based on production process is expected to coordinate the conflicting interests of energy production and carbon emission from the perspective of the whole process control of pollutants， and provide a basis for the macro decision-making of China’s refining and chemical enterprises to carry out energy conservation and emission reduction and take the road of sustainable low-carbon development.

KEYWORDSpetroleum refining； whole process control； carbon source identification

StudyontheImpactofOilfieldDevelopmentontheEcologicalEnvironmentofWetlandNatureReserve(53)

Liang Tao1Guo Zhihong1Wang Zhe2Song Suhe1

(1.CNPCResearchInstituteofSafety&EnvironmentTechnology； 2.PetroChinaLubricantCompany)

ABSTRACTIn this paper， Liaoning Liaohekou National Nature Reserve is selected as the research object. Through the investigation of the status and distribution of land use， wetland resources， plant resources， animal resources， surface vegetation， landscape fragmentation， and other aspects of the status， the oilfield development in the land use pattern， ecosystem function， surface vegetation quality， landscape ecological integrity， and animal diversity are discussed. In addition， this paper analyzes the influence of these aspects. On this basis， we obtain the impact of oilfield development activities on the ecological environment of the reserve.

KEYWORDSoilfield development； nature reserve； ecological protection

ApplicationofQualitySupervisionandQualityControlinEnvironmentalMonitoring(58)

Bian Chengping1Gao Lei2Sun Lijie3

(1.ResearchInstituteofExperimentandDetection，PetroChinaTarimOilfieldCompany； 2.JilinBranchofCNPCKunlunEngineeringCo.Ltd； 3.ChinaRussiaNaturalGasPipelineProjectDepartment，NorthBranchofPipeChinaPipelineCompanyLtd.)

ABSTRACTIn the process of experimental detection， how to ensure the accuracy and reliability of detection data is a problem that every manager needs to face. In this paper， two commonly applied internal control methods in the process of experiment: quality supervision and quality control are introduced， and the key points on the implementation of the two methods are discussed. From the quantity of supervision personnel， the formulation of quality supervision plan， the implementation of quality supervision plan， and the problems in the process of quality supervision， this paper expounds the matters needing attention in the quality supervision work.Aiming at the problems in quality control planning， external quality control， internal quality control， application of standard substances in quality control， selection of reagents for finished products and quality control， and environmental monitoring quality control， this paper analyzes how to do a good job in quality control in the process of environmental monitoring.

KEYWORDSenvironmental monitoring； quality management； quality supervision； quality control

ApplicationProspectofNewTechnologyforLeakDetectioninRefinery(61)

Feng Xing1，2Sun Bingcai1Zhang Jingyu1，2Huang Wei3Tian Weidong4

(1.CNPCResearchInstituteofSafety&EnvironmentTechnology；2.ChinaUniversityofPetroleum(Beijing)；3.PetroChinaChangqingOilfieldCompany； 4.PetroChinaNorthChinaPetrochemicalCompany)

ABSTRACTThe equipment and pipelines in refinery have complex structure with flammable， explosive， poisonous and harmful medium. Once leaked， it will not only cause environmental pollution， but also cause safety accidents. Due to the limitation from the detection capacity from current conventional detection technologies， the needs for long-distance， large-scale， real-time detection can not be satisfied. This paper introduces various domestic and international leak detection technologies， including airborne leak detection technology， multi-spectral technology， hyperspectral technology， TDLAS technology， etc. By comparing and analyzing its principle， applicability and advantages and disadvantages， multi-spectral and TDLAS technologies have shown a wide application prospects in the field of leak detection.

KEYWORDSleak detection； multi-spectral technique； hyperspectral technology； intelligent leak identification technology； TDLAS

ApplicationofAnalyticHierarchyProcessinAuditingStandardsofGreatwallDrillingCompany(65)

Zhang Yongjuan1Wei Xiyuan2Shen Weiping1Zheng Hui1Zhang Xin1Yang Zhenglong1

(1.CNPCResearchInstituteofSafety&EnvironmentTechnology； 2.PetroChinaGreatwallDrillingEngineeringLimitedCompany)

ABSTRACTThis article firstly proposes the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) into the health safety and Environment(HSE) management audit standards of PetroChina Greatwall Drilling Engineering Limited Company， aiming to build a hierarchical structure model of audit standards， audit topics and audit items， reasonably allocate each audit topic and audit item score， and subordinate units HSE management quantify. Combined with the characteristics of the analytic hierarchy process， through the establishment of a hierarchical structure， improve the new quantitative indicators； through the pairwise comparison matrix， compare the importance of each audit theme and audit items； by calculating the weight of each index， solve issues what indicators are influenced by human subjective factors， which enhances the persuasiveness of audit topics and audit items. Choosing to use the analytic hierarchy process to establish the audit standard model and formulate appropriate audit themes and audit items is to quantify the elements of the HSE management system in daily management to facilitate daily management and evaluation， and ultimately achieve the goal of safe production.

KEYWORDSanalytic hierarchy process； audit standards； audit topics； audit items； Greatwall Drilling Company

AnalysisandApplicationofIndependentHSEEvaluationMethodintheStandardizationConstructionofBasicStationandTeam(70)

Feng Ruiyong1Luo Wen1Guo Lu2Chen Yongpeng3Qin Yong4

(1.SafetyandEnvironmentSupervisionCenter，PetroChinaXinjiangOilfieldCompany； 2.CNPCResearchInstituteofSafety&EnvironmentTechnology； 3.ZhundongOilProductionPlant，PetroChinaXinjiangOilfieldCompany； 4.OperatingAreaofLuliangOilfield，PetroChinaXinjiangOilfieldCompany)

ABSTRACTIn order to promote the construction of HSE standardization of grass-roots stations and teams， from the point of view of safety risk management， effective and independent HSE assessment shall be carried out mainly by post employees， so as to discover and eliminate the risks existing in the production site in time and achieve the purpose of preventing and reducing production safety accidents. This paper puts forward a set of standardized assessment process on how to make all employees master the risk identification method and carry out independent HSE assessment， which can be used as a reference for oil and gas field production units.

KEYWORDSautonomy； HSE； risk identification； assessment