王小蓉 楊友京 王顯斌 羅小蘭

[摘要]目的 探討血清S-100B蛋白和一氧化氮(NO)檢測對急性腦出血的臨床評價價值,分析其與急性腦出血患者的臨床癥狀、體征及預后之間的關系。方法 選取2009年1月~2014年1月我院收治的80例急性腦出血患者作為急性腦出血組,選取同期在我院體檢的80例健康體檢者作為對照組。利用多田公式根據急性腦出血組患者入院頭顱CT片計算腦出血血腫體積,再將其分為小量出血組(25例),中量出血組(32例)及大量出血組(23例)。所有患者按照美國國立衛生研究院腦卒中量表(NIHSS)評估神經功能缺損狀況,再將0~15分作為預后良好組(52例),16~42分作為預后惡劣組(28例)。采用酶聯免疫吸附測定法(ELISA)和硝酸還原酶法動態檢測血清S-100B蛋白和NO含量變化;采用Pearson相關性分析血清S-100B蛋白和NO含量與出血量的相關性。結果 腦出血第1天,急性腦出血組的血清S-100B蛋白與NO含量高于對照組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);急性腦出血組腦出血第3、7、10天的血清S-100B蛋白與NO含量高于腦出血第1天,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);急性腦出血組的血清S-100B蛋白含量與NO含量在腦出血第3天高于第7、10天,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。小量出血組的第1、3、7、10天的血清S-100B蛋白和NO含量低于中量出血組和大量出血組,中量出血組腦出血第1、3、7、10天的血清S-100B蛋白和NO含量低于大量出血組,差異均有統計學意義(P<0.05)。腦出血第1天,預后惡劣組和預后良好組的血清S-100B蛋白和NO含量比較,差異無統計學意義(P>0.05);預后惡劣組的血清S-100B蛋白和NO含量在腦出血第3、7、10天高于腦出血第1天,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);預后惡劣組在腦出血第3、7、10天的血清S-100B蛋白和NO含量高于預后良好組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。經Pearson相關性分析發現,血清S-100B蛋白和NO含量與出血量均成正相關(r1=0.76,r2=0.72,P<0.05),且急性腦出血組患者的血清S-100B蛋白和NO含量也成正相關(r=0.529,P<0.05)。結論 血清S-100B蛋白與NO檢測在急性腦出血腦損傷中起著重要作用,臨床上可將血清S-100B蛋白和NO檢測作為腦出血急性期病情變化的動態觀察指標之一,用以估計預后、指導治療。
[關鍵詞]腦出血;血清S-100B蛋白;一氧化氮;腦損傷;臨床評價
[中圖分類號] R743? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1674-4721(2019)10(a)-0060-05
[Abstract] Objective To explore the clinical value of serum S-100B protein and NO detection in acute cerebral hemorrhage, and to analyze the relationship with clinical symptoms, signs and prognosis of patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage by serum S-100B protein and NO detection. Methods A total of 80 patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage admitted to our hospital from January 2009 to January 2014 were selected as the acute cerebral hemorrhage group, and 80 healthy people who underwent physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. The volume of hematoma of cerebral hemorrhage was calculated by the Doda formula on the basis of head CT films. According to the size of hematoma, 25 patients were divided into small hemorrhage group, 32 patients in medium hemorrhage groupand 23 patients in large hemorrhage group. Neurological deficits were assessed using the national institutes of health stroke inventory (NIHSS). Then 0 to 15 points were used as the group with good prognosis (52 cases), 16 to 42 points as poor prognosis group (28 cases). The concentration of S-100B protein and NO content were detected dynamically by ELISA and nitrate reductase methods, respectively. Results On the first day of cerebral hemorrhage, serum S-100B protein and NO content in the acute cerebral hemorrhage group were higher than that in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The serum S-100B protein and NO content on the 3rd, 7th and 10th days of acute cerebral hemorrhage group were higher than that on the 1st day of cerebral hemorrhage, and the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05); The serum S-100B protein content and NO content in the acute cerebral hemorrhage group in the 3 rd day after cerebral hemorrhage was higher than those in the 7th and 10th days after cerebral hemorrhage, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The serum S-100B protein and NO content on the 3rd, 7th and 10th day in the small amount of bleeding group were lower than that in the medium amount of bleeding group and the large amount of bleeding group, and the serum S-100B protein and NO content on the 3rd, 7th and 10th day in the medium amount of bleeding group were lower than those in the large amount of bleeding group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). On the first day of cerebral hemorrhage, there was no significant difference in serum S-100B protein and NO content between the poor prognosis group and the good prognosis group (P>0.05). The serum S-100B protein and NO content in the poor prognosis group on the 3rd, 7th and 10th day of cerebral hemorrhage were higher than those in the first day of cerebral hemorrhage, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The serum S-100B protein and NO content in the poor prognosis group on the 3rd, 7th and 10th day of cerebral hemorrhage were higher than those in the group with good prognosis, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum S-100B protein and NO content were positively correlated with blood loss (r1=0.76, r2=0.72, P<0.05), and serum S-100B protein and NO content in patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage. It was also positively correlated (r=0.529, P<0.05). Conclusion Serum S-100B protein and NO detection plays an important role in brain injury after acute cerebral hemorrhage. The determination of serum S-100B protein and NO detection can be used as one of the dynamic indicators to observe the changes of acute cerebral hemorrhage in order to estimate the prognosis and guide the treatment.
Pearson相關性分析顯示,急性腦出血組的血清S-100B蛋白和NO含量成正相關(r=0.529,P<0.05)。
3討論
血清S-100蛋白于1965年被Moore BW發現,目前為止,已有21個家族成員被陸續發現[12]。該蛋白由α、β兩種亞基組成。血清S-100B蛋白是膠質細胞與神經元之間相互作用的橋梁,是一類由星形膠質細胞分泌的細胞因子[13],它是神經膠質細胞的標志性蛋白[14],極易透過血腦屏障。正常人血清中含量極低且相當穩定,當各種原因導致腦組織受損、血腦屏障破壞,由此產生的大量血清S-100B蛋白透過血腦屏障,導致血清S-100B蛋白含量升高。因此,通過檢測外周血中S-100B蛋白含量可反映腦損害的嚴重程度[15]。
本次研究提示,急性腦出血組的血清S-100B蛋白高于對照組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);急性腦出血組腦出血第3、7、10天的血清S-100B蛋白高于腦出血第1天,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);急性腦出血組在腦出血第3天的血清S-100B蛋白含量高于第7、10天,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);小量出血組在腦出血第1、3、7、10天的血清S-100B蛋白低于中量出血組和大量出血組,中量出血組在腦出血第1、3、7、10天的血清S-100B蛋白低于大量出血組,差異均有統計學意義(P<0.05);預后惡劣組在腦出血第3、7、10天的血清S-100B蛋白高于預后良好組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。因此,檢測血清中S-100B蛋白,可以不同程度地反映腦出血患者病情的嚴重程度,用以指導治療,估計臨床預后[10]。
NO是在一氧化氮合酶(NOS)催化下生成的,在體內扮演著生理和病理的雙重角色。腦內NO既可起腦保護作用,又有神經細胞毒性作用。生理量時,NO具有調節血管緊張度、調節凝血過程、介導炎癥反應、參與氧化等的作用;在中樞神經系統中,NO主要促進遞質釋放,參與突觸可逆性過程,調節血腦屏障的通透性,參與腦的高級功能活動等。高濃度的NO具有細胞毒性作用,可以加重缺血性腦組織損傷。本次研究發現,發病第1天,急性腦出血組的血清NO含量含量高于對照組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);急性腦出血組發病第3、7、10天血清NO含量高于發病第1天,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);急性腦出血組在腦出血第3天的NO含量含量高于第7、10天,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);小量出血組在腦出血第1、3、7、10天的NO含量低于中量出血組和大量出血組,中量出血組在腦出血第1、3、7、10天的NO含量低于大量出血組,差異均有統計學意義(P<0.05);預后惡劣組在腦出血第3、7、10天的NO含量高于預后良好組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。血清NO含量出現上述變化,可能由于:①腦出血后的應激狀態激活和增加了誘導型NO合成酶的活性,產生過量的NO;②過量的NO介導了Glu-Ca-NOS通道,合成過量的NO;③腦出血后,在大量白細胞浸潤以及血紅蛋白代謝產物的影響下,也可誘導組織高表達誘導型NO合酶,進而介導NO的分泌含量增高。上述過程產生的大量NO,既介導嚴重的損傷性炎癥瀑布效應,也導致血腦屏障嚴重破壞,導致腦損傷加重、患者病情重、預后差[16-17]。而且腦出血時,產生的大量NO致血腦屏障嚴重破壞時,本身會導致血清S-100B蛋白大量滲出,高濃度的血清S-100B蛋白也可以促進致炎因子NO增多[18],導致腦損傷加重。尤其出血量大時,通過各種損傷途徑產生的NO量更多,血腦屏障破壞更嚴重,通過破壞的血腦屏障滲出的血清S-100B蛋白也更多,促使致炎因子NO產生增多,可能最終導致出血量大的患者病情更重,預后更差。經Pearson相關性分析發現,急性腦出血組的血清S-100B蛋白和NO含量成正相關(r=0.529,P<0.05),提示血清S-100B蛋白與NO含量在腦出血后腦損傷的發生、發展過程中可能起著重要作用,二者可能互為因果,介導了腦出血后的損傷過程。
綜上所述,對于急性腦出血患者,可結合臨床癥狀、頭影像學檢查結果及血清S-100B蛋白和NO檢測結果,綜合判斷病情嚴重程度,估計預后。因此,臨床上可將血清S-100B蛋白和NO含量檢測作為腦出血急性期病情變化的動態觀察指標之一,但尚缺乏大樣本的臨床資料。
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(收稿日期:2018-11-05本文編輯:焦曌元)