黃貯對玉米秸稈品質及微生物多樣性的影響

劉鑫陽 田瑞華

摘要 [目的]研究黃貯對玉米秸稈的品質及微生物多樣性的影響。[方法]采用現行有效的測定方法及高通量測序，對黃貯玉米秸稈飼料的營養品質及微生物進行了研究。[結果]經過98 d的黃貯，玉米秸稈的總酸含量提高了31.62%，粗纖維含量降低了39.92%，粗蛋白含量提高了8.53%，細菌群落豐富度和多樣性明顯降低，細菌群落組成由初始的藍藻科某些屬為主導變為以乳酸菌為主導。[結論]黃貯有效改善了秸稈飼料的營養品質及微生物群落組成。

關鍵詞 黃貯;高通量測序;微生物多樣性;營養品質

中圖分類號 S816.6文獻標識碼 A

文章編號 0517-6611（2019）19-0197-04

Abstract [Objective] To study the effects of yellowstorage on the quality and microbial diversity of corn straw. [Method] The nutritional quality and microbial diversity of yellowstorage corn straw feed were analyzed by using current effective methods and high throughput sequencing.[Result] The results showed that the total acid content of maize straw increased by 31.62%， cellulose content decreased by 39.92%， crude protein content increased by 8.53% after 98 days of yellowstorage. The richness and diversity of bacterial community decreased obviously， and the composition of bacterial community changed from initial miscellaneous bacteria to lactobacillusdominated structure distribution. [Conclusion] The nutritional quality and microbial community composition of straw feed were effectively improved by yellowstorage.

Key words Yellowstorage;High throughput sequencing;Microbial diversity;Nutritional quality

隨著人們生活水平的不斷提高，對肉制品的需求也不斷增加，使得畜牧業的發展越來越快，但同樣也面臨著自然環境變化、天然草場產量下降等問題，開發新的能源已成為學者們熱切關注的問題。我國秸稈資源非常豐富，年產量高達7億多t[1]，產量占世界總產量的20%～30%，但用于制作飼料的量不到20%。若將這么多的秸稈焚燒會造成嚴重的環境污染，堆積會造成不必要的浪費，秸稈還田也會增加農作物的倒伏以及病蟲害的危害。這些秸稈如果能被合理利用，制成飼料，不僅解決了資源浪費和秸稈焚燒帶來的環境污染問題，而且解決了畜牧發展中存在的一些問題。玉米秸稈主要是由木質素、纖維素和半纖維素組成，其質地粗硬，營養價值低，影響家畜的消化率和采食量。微生物發酵可以顯著降低玉米秸稈中半纖維素和纖維素的含量[2]，提高飼料作物的消化率[3]。……