肖莉娟 曹亞軍 鄭強卿



摘要 選用性狀優良的8個紅棗品種噴施新型生長調節劑,定期跟蹤觀察棗吊長度和棗吊葉片數變化,測定生長調節劑對不同紅棗品種結果性狀和品質的影響。結果表明,生長調節劑對不同品種紅棗生長發育和產量品質的影響不同,但有相同的變化趨勢。噴施生長調節劑對棗吊葉片數無影響,但可以抑制棗吊生長速度,增加單果重,提高固酸比、糖酸比,改善紅棗品質。
關鍵詞 生長調節劑;品種;生長發育;產量;品質
中圖分類號 S482.8文獻標識碼 A
文章編號 0517-6611(2019)19-0162-03
Abstract Eight jujube cultivars with good traits were sprayed with new growth regulators. The changes of jujube hanging length and number of leaves were observed regularly. The effects of growth regulators on fruit traits and quality of different jujube cultivars were determined. The results showed that the effects of growth regulators on growth, development, yield and quality of different jujube cultivars were different, but there was the same change trend. Spraying regulators had no effect on the number of leaves of jujube, but could inhibit the growth rate of jujube, increase the weight of single fruit, increase the solidacid ratio, sugaracid ratio and improve the quality of jujube.
Key words Growth regulator;Variety;Growth and development;Yield;Quality
近年來,阿克蘇地區全力推進特色林果業的發展,截至2017年,林果面積已達30萬hm2,其中紅棗達10.31萬hm2[1],僅次于核桃,為當地的第二大林果產業,但紅棗低產低效園和蘋果、核桃密植園高達50%,優質果品率低[2]。棗樹當年形成花芽,當年開花結果,而且花芽分化、開花座果和棗頭生長同時進行,因此花期營養競爭非常激烈,雖然花量大,但坐果率很低,且落花落果嚴重,自然條件下坐果率僅為0.1%~1.2%,為此必須采取栽培措施,人為調節營養生長和生殖生長的關系,從而提高坐果率和產量。目前,棗生產區應用最廣泛的是花期噴施赤霉素,在較低濃度下對棗樹細嫩莖葉細胞的伸長生長具有誘導能力,可以促進棗花粉發芽,但易引發樹體生長失衡,結果枝加速生長,營養生長和生殖生長難以平衡,營養競爭激烈,落花落果現象嚴重;而且噴施赤霉素后易出現棗吊過長,棗果果柄過長,果實出現縮果病、裂果病、黑斑病等,研究表明花期噴施赤霉素,成熟米棗果實中可溶性糖以及VC含量比對照均有所降低[3]。……