新型生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑對(duì)不同品種紅棗生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和產(chǎn)量品質(zhì)的影響

肖莉娟 曹亞軍 鄭強(qiáng)卿

摘要 選用性狀優(yōu)良的8個(gè)紅棗品種噴施新型生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑，定期跟蹤觀察棗吊長(zhǎng)度和棗吊葉片數(shù)變化，測(cè)定生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑對(duì)不同紅棗品種結(jié)果性狀和品質(zhì)的影響。結(jié)果表明，生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑對(duì)不同品種紅棗生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和產(chǎn)量品質(zhì)的影響不同，但有相同的變化趨勢(shì)。噴施生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑對(duì)棗吊葉片數(shù)無(wú)影響，但可以抑制棗吊生長(zhǎng)速度，增加單果重，提高固酸比、糖酸比，改善紅棗品質(zhì)。

關(guān)鍵詞 生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑;品種;生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育;產(chǎn)量;品質(zhì)

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào) S482.8文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A

文章編號(hào) 0517-6611（2019）19-0162-03

Abstract Eight jujube cultivars with good traits were sprayed with new growth regulators. The changes of jujube hanging length and number of leaves were observed regularly. The effects of growth regulators on fruit traits and quality of different jujube cultivars were determined. The results showed that the effects of growth regulators on growth， development， yield and quality of different jujube cultivars were different， but there was the same change trend. Spraying regulators had no effect on the number of leaves of jujube， but could inhibit the growth rate of jujube， increase the weight of single fruit， increase the solidacid ratio， sugaracid ratio and improve the quality of jujube.

Key words Growth regulator;Variety;Growth and development;Yield;Quality

近年來(lái)，阿克蘇地區(qū)全力推進(jìn)特色林果業(yè)的發(fā)展，截至2017年，林果面積已達(dá)30萬(wàn)hm2，其中紅棗達(dá)10.31萬(wàn)hm2[1]，僅次于核桃，為當(dāng)?shù)氐牡诙罅止a(chǎn)業(yè)，但紅棗低產(chǎn)低效園和蘋(píng)果、核桃密植園高達(dá)50%，優(yōu)質(zhì)果品率低[2]。棗樹(shù)當(dāng)年形成花芽，當(dāng)年開(kāi)花結(jié)果，而且花芽分化、開(kāi)花座果和棗頭生長(zhǎng)同時(shí)進(jìn)行，因此花期營(yíng)養(yǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)非常激烈，雖然花量大，但坐果率很低，且落花落果嚴(yán)重，自然條件下坐果率僅為0.1%～1.2%，為此必須采取栽培措施，人為調(diào)節(jié)營(yíng)養(yǎng)生長(zhǎng)和生殖生長(zhǎng)的關(guān)系，從而提高坐果率和產(chǎn)量。目前，棗生產(chǎn)區(qū)應(yīng)用最廣泛的是花期噴施赤霉素，在較低濃度下對(duì)棗樹(shù)細(xì)嫩莖葉細(xì)胞的伸長(zhǎng)生長(zhǎng)具有誘導(dǎo)能力，可以促進(jìn)棗花粉發(fā)芽，但易引發(fā)樹(shù)體生長(zhǎng)失衡，結(jié)果枝加速生長(zhǎng)，營(yíng)養(yǎng)生長(zhǎng)和生殖生長(zhǎng)難以平衡，營(yíng)養(yǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈，落花落果現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重;而且噴施赤霉素后易出現(xiàn)棗吊過(guò)長(zhǎng)，棗果果柄過(guò)長(zhǎng)，果實(shí)出現(xiàn)縮果病、裂果病、黑斑病等，研究表明花期噴施赤霉素，成熟米棗果實(shí)中可溶性糖以及VC含量比對(duì)照均有所降低[3]。……