沈艷 李沛明 孫如意



摘要 [目的]評價5種稻田除草劑(37.5%二甲四氯鈉·滅草松水劑、20%嘧啶肟草醚·氰氟草酯可分散油懸浮劑、30%五氟磺草胺·吡嘧磺隆·丙草胺可分散油懸浮劑、5%丙炔噁草酮乳油、80%丙炔噁草酮可濕性粉劑)對羊角月芽藻生長的抑制作用。[方法]參照《農化學農藥環境安全評價試驗準則》,分別測定5種供試藥劑對羊角月芽藻生物量增長的抑制率和生長率的抑制率,計算半效應濃度EyC50和ErC50。[結果]37.5%二甲四氯鈉·滅草松水劑對羊角月芽藻表現為低毒;20%嘧啶肟草醚·氰氟草酯、30%五·吡·丙草胺可分散油懸浮劑、5%丙炔噁草酮乳油、80%丙炔噁草酮可濕性粉劑對羊角月芽藻均表現中高毒性,對綠藻存在較大風險。[結論]稻田高毒除草劑在實際生產應用中應嚴格控制用量,盡量減小其對綠藻及水生態系統造成危害。
關鍵詞 稻田除草劑;羊角月芽藻;生物量增長抑制;生長率抑制
中圖分類號 S482.4文獻標識碼 A
文章編號 0517-6611(2019)19-0148-04
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2019.19.043
Abstract [Objective] To evaluate the growth inhibition of five paddy herbicides on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. [Method] The inhibition rate of the yield and average growth rate of five paddy herbicides on? P. subcapitata were determined, and the median effective concentration EyC50 and ErC50 were calculated referring to Test Guidelines on Environmental Safety Assessment for Chemical Pesticides. [Result] The acute toxicity of MCPANa·bentazone on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was low toxic;the acute toxicity of penoxsulam·pyrazosulfuronethyl·pretilachlor, pyribenzoxim·cyhalofopbutyl and oxadiargyl were? midhigh toxic, and they were higher risk to green algae. [Conclusion] The dosage of these paddy hightoxic herbicides should be strictly controlled to minimize their harm to the green algae and water ecosystem.
Key words Paddy herbicides;Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata;Biomass growth inhibition;Growth rate inhibition
除草劑是化學農藥中非常重要的一員,據報道,2015年農藥登記產品共計3 295個,其中除草劑934個,占比283%;2015年全國農藥總產量132.8萬t,其中除草劑82.7萬t,占比62.3%[1]。水稻是我國重要的糧食作物之一,稻田中雜草的防治目前仍主要依靠化學防治,稻田除草劑在農業生產中廣泛應用。暴露于環境中的除草劑很大一部分可通過土壤浸出、降雨沖刷、地表徑流等途徑進入水生生態系統,不僅污染水環境,還對非靶標生物產生潛在毒性[2-3]。
藻類是水生系統的初級生產者,為浮游無脊椎動物、魚類等高等水生生物提供氧氣和食物,在水生生態系統中具有至關重要的地位[4]。……